【作者】 冯耀飞；

【导师】 王加强； 姚延梼；

【作者基本信息】 山西农业大学 ， 森林培育， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 本试验在交城骏枣自然分布区进行资源调查的基础上,经初选、复选、决选,选出优良单株12株。应用模糊数学综合评价选优法,选出最佳优良单株5号,可供繁殖推广。主成分分析表明决定优良单株的基本指标为:丰产性状、Vc、含糖量和可食率。 对选出的优树5号、优树1号及普通树在果实发育期进行了一些形态指标、生理、生化指标的测定,探索了骏枣果实生育期总糖及其组分、Vc、有机酸含量的年变化规律;探索了叶和果中的PPO、POD、SOD、CAT四种酶活性的年变化规律;并对叶和果中的四种酶作了简单比较;最后还对Vc和总糖作了灰色关联性分析。结果表明:(1) 骏枣果实鲜重增长及纵横径增长均为双S曲线。(2) 骏枣果实在开花座果期Vc含量最低,然后迅速上升,接近硬核期时含量达到最大,随后逐渐降低。(3) 果实发育期总糖含量一直呈上升趋势,白熟期前糖分以葡萄糖、果糖为主,后期蔗糖含量较高。(4) 在果实发育成熟过程中,酸的含量呈高—低—高的规律变化,到成熟期时含量达到最高。(5) 果中SOD活性变化呈单峰曲线,在硬核期时活性最高,PPO活性变化近似呈“W”形曲线,在7月10日和8月10日出现两个高峰,POD活性在7月10日最大,7月25日最小,CAT活性呈倒“Z”形曲线,7月25日活性达到最高;叶中SOD活性也呈单峰曲线,高峰期出现在8月24日,PPO活性呈双峰曲线,POD活性呈倒“Z”形曲线,CAT活性呈单峰曲线,高峰期出现在7月25日。果与叶中酶活性的比较表明:叶中酶活性较果中的大。(6)在整个果实发育过程中有机酸、酶、单果重、叶绿素与Vc的关联度为CAT>SOD>POD>PPO>单果重>叶绿素>有机酸,有机酸、酶、单果重、叶绿素、Vc与糖的关联度为单果重>叶绿素>有机酸>PPO>POD>SOD>CAT>Vc,表明果实中Vc含量与果实抗性有关,单果重、有机酸、叶绿素与糖分的积累有很大的关系。关联度的大小表明果实中糖含量与果实抗性也有关。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the resources of the Ziziphus jujuba cv. Junzao in its natural distributed area Jiaocheng county, Shanxi province. 12 superior trees were selected by the methods of preliminary selection, secondary selection and final selection. Through the application of fuzzy mathematics comprehensively estimating optimization method, the tree No.3 was chosen as the best one and could be reproduced and extended. In addition, the pricipal component analysis shows that the basic indexes for a superior tree are: mean yield per area of crown shadow, rate of flesh weight to fruit weight, Vc content, sugar content.Two kinds of selected superior trees and the common fruit trees were used to explore the fruit development law and we have studied the variation taw of length, transverse diameter, fresh weight, sugar content, vitamin C and organic acid of the fruit and the variation law of Poly-phenol oxidase (PPO), Peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Hydrogen Peroxidase (GAT) activity of the fruit and leaves in different fruit growth stage. We also compared four kinds of enzyme in the fruit with those in the leaves and analyzed the vitamin C and gross sugar with gray relationship. The results show: (1) the fruit growth curves of fresh weight, length and transverse diameter are all double "S" shape. (2) The Vc content is least in the stage of fruit setting, and then increases rapidly. Near the stage the fruit-stone is hardening the Vc content is highest and then decreases gradually. (3) The gross sugar content takes an increasing trend during the whole fruit growth stage. Before the stage the fruit is whitening the sugar is mainly composed of glueose and fructose, and the sucrose is high comparatively in the later growth stage. (4) The organic acid curves are low-high-low in the course of fruit development and the content reaches the highest in the fruit maturation. (5) The fruit SOD activity curves have one peak, and the activity is highest when the fruit-stone is hardening; the fruit PPO activity curves take a "W" shape and have two peaks on July 10th and August 9th; the fruit POD activity is highest and lowest respectively on July 10th and July 25th; the fruit CAT activity curves take a inverted "Z" shape and the activity reaches the highest on July 25th. The leaves SOD activity curves have one peak too, and the peak is formed on August 24th; the curves take double peak, inverted "Z" and one peak shape respectively for PPO, POD and CAT activity. Comparing the enzyme activity between the fruit and leaves shows that the enzyme activity in leaves are higher than those in the fruit. (6) During the whole fruit growth stage the order of relationship with Vc is: CAT>SOD>POD>PPO>fruit fresh weight>chlorophyll>organic acid, and the order of relationship with sugar is: fruit fresh weight>chlorophyll>organic acid>PPO>POD>SOD>CAT>Vc. This shows the fruit Vc content is related to the fruit resistance ability, and the fruit fresh weight, organic acid and chlorophyll relate to the accumulation of sugar greatly. In addition, the value of relationship shows the fruit sugar content is related to the fruit resistance ability too.更多还原