【作者】 李月梅；

【导师】 马恩波；

【作者基本信息】 山西大学 ， 动物学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来随着耕作制度、生态环境的改变,以及全球异常气候条件的影响,中华稻蝗的发生也变得更加严重。所以对中华稻蝗的防治研究变得越来越重要。本文以中华稻蝗(Oxya chinensis)为材料,分别以5-氨基乙酰丙酸(ALA)、原卟啉Ⅸ(PpⅨ)于不同条件下作用于不同龄期的试虫,以探讨卟啉杀虫剂对中华稻蝗的作用效果及机理。 自然光照下,以太原晋源区的中华稻蝗(Oxya chinensis)为材料,用ALA分别作用于中华稻蝗5龄若虫和成虫,7天内处理组雄虫全部死亡,而对照组雄虫死亡数约为一半,雌虫死亡数在低浓度下无明显差异。用荧光检测法和考马斯亮蓝蛋白测定法对试虫进行毒性分析,分析表明卟啉杀虫剂作用于蝗虫后,导致雄虫体内每克组织中蛋白含量与对照组相比显著降低。雌虫体内每克组织蛋白含量与对照组相比下降不显著。由此得知,卟啉杀虫剂对试虫的作用效果与试虫体内每克组织中蛋白含量呈相关关系。此外,分析还表明,卟啉杀虫剂作用于试虫后,处理组与对照组相比,试虫体内每毫克蛋白中PpⅨ的含量普遍提高,这一点与Constantin A. Rebeiz的部分实验结果基本吻合。从实验结果可以看出卟啉杀虫剂对试虫的作用效果与试虫体内每毫克蛋白中PpⅨ含量也呈相关关系,本文结果可初步表明卟啉杀虫剂对试虫的作用效果是由PpⅨ的光敏毒性引起的。 为探讨ALA所用剂量对作用效果的影响,本文设计不同剂量处理组做了实验。以A(100ug/头)、B(1.0mg/头)、C(13.7ug/头)和Ck(0ug/头)四种不同剂量ALA模拟大田用药法处理中华稻蝗4龄若虫。经黑暗和光照条件下,5天内,A处理组试虫平均蜕皮数为4头/重复,Ck(对照组)组为8头/重复,处理组与对照组相比差异显著(p<0.05);每一重复平均死亡数A组为6头/重复,Ck组为0头/重复,处理组明显高于对照组(p<0.05)。用BCA法和荧光分析法分别测定试虫体内总蛋白和PpⅨ的含量。测定结果表明,A处理组平均每克组织蛋白含量雌虫为1.7637±0.7054mg,雄虫为2.0400±.5902mg,对照组雌虫为0.9133±0.1582mg,雄虫为0.9353±0.2377mg,前者明显高于后者(p<0.05);PpⅨ含量A组平均每毫克蛋白雌虫为5.4367±0.12266ug,雄虫为3.2933±更多还原

【Abstract】 The breaks of Oxya chinensis had become increasingly serious in recent years along with the changes of the agricultural practices, ecological environments and the global climatic conditions. It is, obviously, very important to control population of the insect. To study the result and the mechanisms of porphyrin insecticides, we treated insect of different instar with ALA and PpIX in this paper.In natural light, when sprayed with 5-aminolevulinic acid on Oxya chinensis, within 7 days all treated males died while the controlled males only do so in half. However, in the lower concentration, the treated females are hardly affected. By analyzing PpIX and protein content with fluorescence spectra and Bradford, results showed that, compared with the controlled, the content of protein per gram tissue in male body decreased. But female’s hardly decreased. The above results suggested that the effect of ALA is relation to the content of protein per gram tissue. In addition, compared with the controlled, the content of PpIX per milligram protein increased. Which partly coincide with the results of Contantin A. Rebeiz. The results suggested that PpIX content of per milligram protein is relation to the effect of ALA. In conclusion, it is the photosensitive toxin that results in the effect of ALA on Oxya chinensis.Under light and darkness, the effect of 5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) acting as insecticides on Oxya chinensis was investigated in the forth-instar larvae with different doses. The results indicated that, within five days, not only the average of molt but also mortality between the A treatment and the control were significantly different (p<0.05). While there were not significantly different between the C treatment and the control, and the B treatment were slightly different. Further mechanisms assay showed that the average of protoporphyrinIX (PpIX) of per miligram protein and total protein of per gram tissue were also significantly different (p<0.05) between A and CK treatments. The results of above suggested that, when administration withALA, at low dose such as C treatment, ALA-induced protoporphyrinIX higher than that of the control, which results in the increase of total protein degradation by oxidating protein, amino acid and soft-fatty acid from photosensitizer of PpIX under light. And at higher dose than C treatment as A treatment ALA-induced PpIX is lower than that of CK treatment. As a result, the content of total protein is higher than that of the control. Because the content of PpIX is lower than that of the control, which influence the balance of protein normal metabolism. So the content of total protein is higher than that of the control. Moreover, at much higher dose than A treatment as B treatment ALA-induced PpIX is much lower than that of CK treatment, which may further limit the protein normal metabolism. Thus the content of total protein is low greatly.When sprayed ALA or injected PpIX respectively on the fifth-instar larvae of Oxya chinensis in the artificial light, the results shown that there were significantly different between the treated with PpIX and the control (p=0.0489 and p=0.0343) in molting number and mortal number. While there were not significantly different between the treated with ALA and the control(p=0.0489 and p=0.0343) in molting number and mortal number(p=0.23 ^P p=0.14).At the same time, it is shown that both the PpIX content of per milligram protein and the total protein of per gram tissue were not different between the treated and the control. Analyzing from the above we can conclude that ALA might induce PpIX accumulate in the insect and the PpIX might have toxin on the insect in the artificial light.In conclusion, The object of the paper is to study the results and the mechanisms of ALA on Oxya chinensis administered in different conditions such as lights and doses as well as instar. In addition, in order to further study the mechanisms of ALA, we designed injected treatment with PpIX. The results indicated that both the average of molting number and the average of mortal number were significantly different between A treatment and the control when administered insect of the forth-instar with different doses of ALA in natural light (p<0.05). While B treatment and C treatment were更多还原