【作者】 郑祥；

【导师】 鲍毅新；

【作者基本信息】 浙江师范大学 ， 动物生态学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 保护生物学是一门新兴的多学科性科学,它在生物多样性面临的危机中得以发展.物种的保护是生物学的中心内容之一,围绕着稀有物种保护的有关种群数量、分布,栖息地利用和选择,栖息地状况等问题一直是保护生物学中最重要的问题。 黑麂(Muntiacus crinifrons)是我国特产的国家Ⅰ级保护动物,为典型的亚热带山地森林动物。其分布范围十分狭小,仅处于东经117-121.5°,北纬27.5-31°之间,涉及浙江、安徽、江西和福建四省。野生资源由于其栖息地的不断缩小,以及长期以来屡禁不止的乱捕滥杀现象而日趋减少。为了加强对黑麂的保护,世界自然保护联盟(IUCN)将其列为易危种,被濒危动植物种国际贸易公约(CITES)列入附录Ⅰ中。目前,黑麂虽然在浙江省的古田山和九龙山自然保护区获得了良好的保护,种群数量已呈现上升趋势。但在其分布区内,尚有大片领域受到人类活动的影响,其生存前景令人担忧。因此,有关黑麂的种群密度,及其与栖息地的关系和栖息地适宜性评价是当前黑麂生态学研究中亟待加强的领域。 本研究以九龙山自然保护区和古田山自然保护区为基地,通过在不同功能区设置固定样带的方法,收集黑麂足迹和粪便等新鲜活动痕迹数据,进而推算研究区内的黑麂种群密度;然后运用主成分分析技术确定不同季节影响黑麂栖息地利用的主要因素,并结合判别分析来找出不同季节黑麂栖息地分离的主要因素。基于上述研究结果,进一步构建了黑麂栖息地适宜性评价指标,并借助地理信息系统评价了九龙山和古田山自然保护的黑更多还原

【Abstract】 Conservation Biology is a newly developed multidisciplinary study thatdeals with biodiversity crisis, investigating population size and population distribution, analyze habitat utilization and suitability evaluation, and design conservation policy and strategy. Preventing species from extinction is one of the major tasks for the conservation biologists.As a typical species of black muntjac is listed in the Category I of Key Protected Wildlife List, it is only distributed in the narrow ranges in Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi and Fujian Provinces( 117-121.5° E, 27.5-31° N). Because deforestation occurred and human activities in these regions greatly disrupted their lives and seriously devoured their habitats, the black muntjac population has significantly descreased. For strengthening the protection of black muntjac, the World Conservation Union(IUCN) considered it as vulnerable species, Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora(CITES) also place it in addendum I . Now black muntjac has been protected well in Jiulong Mountain and Gutian Mountain National Nature Reserves and its population size have increased. However, the fate of black muntjac outside of the reserves is not bright, yet. The population density, habitat utlization and habitat suitability are the fields that need to be further studied.Black muntjac leaves its own fresh mark in the habitat, such as footprints and excrement. The more they utilize the habitat, the more the fresh traces are kept behind. Therefore, we could study its population density and habitat utilization depengding on its fresh mark. The survey over a 20-month period by recording 141 sampling plots in 26 line transects which were set up randomly in Jiulong Mountain and Gutian Mountain National Nature Reserves. With excrement and footmark as indirect indication, we obtain the field censusing data. Then principal component analysis was employed to select the key factors affecting their habitat utilization in each season, and by stepwise discriminant analysis, the key factors affecting separation of habitat selection of black muntjac in different seasons was selected. Based on those analyses and the technique of geographical informationsystem(GIS), black muntjac habitat suitability index was developed, and the habitat suitability evaluation of black muntjac in Jiulong Mountain and Gutian Mountain National Nature Reserves was conducted by GIS. In the meantime, the idea for protection of black muntjac and suggestion for future management were discussed in this paper. 1 、 The results showed that the optimal habitat elevation of black muntjac was about 1000m. Population density was 7.32 ± 0.69 (ind/km2), then in core area, cushion area, experiment area the densities were 8.41 ± 1.08, 6.25 ± 1.79, 3.21 ± 1.31 (ind./km2). From the whole natural reserve, population density in different seasons were 7.54±1.42, 7.54±1.50, 6.09 ± 1.32, 8.12 ± 1.22 (ind./km2). The heavy loss of forest in adjacent areas was the main reason that caused the migration of black muntjac from adjacent areas to the reserve, so the population density was relatively high in Jiulong Mountain Nature Reserve. In Gutian Mountain Nature Reserve, the optimal habitat elevation of black muntjac was among 800-1000m. Population density was estimated to be 3.30 ± 0.45 (ind./km2) in the nature reserve, then in core area, cushion area, experiment area the densities were 4.67±0.41, 2.87 ±0.60, 0.76 ± 0.66 (ind./km2). In different seasons, the population densities in nature reserve were 2.97 ± 1.22, 3.30 ± 0.95, 2.97 ± 0.91, 3.96 ±0.88 (ind./km2). The chang of black muntjac in elevations in different seasons was mainly attributed to the seasonal change of food resource.2、 11 ecological factors were selected to analyze habitat utilization of black muntjac in each seasons by using multianalysis. On the basis of analysis of field data using the principal component analysis, the results showed that the ultimate factors which influence on spring habitat utilization of black muntjac were vegetation type, grass canopy, shrub canopy, human disturbance, slope and slope position. The optimal spring habitat of black muntjac was mixed conifer and broadleaf forest or broealeaf forest, grass canopy 25%-50%, shrub canopy 25%-50%, distance from hunman disturbance >1000m, slope 15-30°, middle slope position. In summer, the main factors related to habitat utilization were vegetation type, tree canopy, rock exposure, water source, human disturbance and slope position. The optimal summer habitat was mixed conifer and broadleaf forest or broealeaf forest; tree canopy 76% -100%, rock exposure 10% -30%, distance from water source <500m, distance from human disturbance > 1000m, upper slope position. In autumn, the results revealed that the main更多还原