【作者】 王芳；

【导师】 曹荣庆；

【作者基本信息】 浙江师范大学 ， 区域经济学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 足够数量的公共产品供给不仅是一个国家经济社会起飞的基石,也是一个国家文明水平发达程度的标志。在此基础上,公共产品供给的公正性也是对公共政策理性程度的考察。一种欠缺公正的公共产品供给会导致公共政策非偏袒一方陷入贫困的累积和恶性循环,进而形成一种公共政策的偏袒一方和非偏袒一方“发展剪刀差”的二元经济社会结构,由此走上与可持续的、以人为本的科学发展观背道而驰的发展路径。从某种角度上来说,我国目前正处在这样一个历史发展的紧要关头。 在公共产品供给问题上,经济学家们基本上分成两个阵营:政府供给学派和市场供给学派,而且从某种程度上说,这两个阵营带有非常浓厚的非此即彼的对立逻辑。这种非此即彼的对立逻辑导致了各国政府公共产品供给政策的理论贫困和实践反复。美国经济学家奥斯特罗姆率先摆脱了这种非此即彼的制度选择逻辑,在广泛考察和研究各国具体实践的基础上致力于发展以经验为基础的公共产品供给理论,特别是她对公共池塘资源和警察服务等进行实证研究,为各国的公共事物治理提出了一条独具特色的新路。奥斯特罗姆认为公共产品可以细分为提供和生产两个环节。公共产品的提供是消费者得到产品,而公共产品的生产则是一个物理过程,据此公共产品得以成为存在物。在作这种区分的基础上,政府和市场这两种制度安排就可以依据效率更多还原

【Abstract】 Adequate supply of public goods is not only the foundation stone of each nation’ s economic and social development but also the mark of the degree of each nation’ s civilization development. What’ s more, fair supply of public goods is also the reflection of the rational degree of public policies. Unfair supply of public goods will lead those who are not favored by public policies to the accumulation and vicious circle of poverty, will form a dual economic and social structure which features the existence of development scissors between one who is favored by public policies and the other who is not favored, and finally violates the sustainable, "people first" and scientific development approach. In some degree, Chinei is at the turning point of such historic development. Economists hold different views on the problem of public goods supply: that is government supply and market supply. What’ s more, to some extent, the logic of these two views is completely opposite: government supply or market supply. This kind of opposite logic makes public policies for the supply of public goods lack theoretic foundation and inconstancy inaction. An American economist, Ostrom, takes the lead in getting rid of this logic. She has developed the theory of public goods supply on the basis of widely exploration on and study of different nations’ experiences, and her positive study of public pools and police service has provided a unique way to deal with the problem of public goods supply. Ostram holds that public goods should be divided into the supply of public goods and the production of them. The supply of public goods means that consumers obtain them, while the production of them means that producers produce them, which is a totally physical process. On the basis of this differentiation, the government and market systems can play their own roles as a supplier and producer according to the principles of efficiency and fairness. From Ostram’ s viewpoint , the systems of government and market are not opposite but supplementary. More importantly, she has put forward the third kind of the order of public goods supply that is different from the government and market, namely polycentricity.The essay uses the analytic framework of public goods industry established by Ostram for reference, systematically and profoundly explores the problem of the supply of public goods in the rural areas of China during the period of the更多还原