【作者】 王道水；

【导师】 肖明翰；

【作者基本信息】 湖南师范大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 诺贝尔文学奖获得者托妮·莫里森是当今美国文坛一位十分引人注目的黑人女作家。她的第五部小说《宠儿》被一些评论家认为是她最好的作品,并在1988年为她赢得了普利策文学奖。自从面世以来,《宠儿》就引起了批评家的极大兴趣,被认为是“美国文学史上的里程碑”。 《宠儿》的背景是1873年的美国重建时期。它讲述了一段在白人话语压制下长期沉默的鲜血淋淋的黑人的历史。作为一种制度,奴隶制已随着1863年林肯总统的《解放黑奴宣言》的发表而正式消亡,但作为一种意识形态,奴隶制话语却顽强地生存于后奴隶制时代。因之,《宠儿》一书中的所有黑人奴隶都通过同奴隶制和种族主义话语作斗争来苦苦地建立自我身份。置身于后奴隶制时代背景下,本论文尝试着从后殖民主义视角来解读《宠儿》。 在奴隶制下,黑奴被视为动物而不是人;不论年龄、性别,黑奴们(包括他们的孩子)都是奴隶主的私有财产。因此,女性黑奴就被视为生育机器和劳动力的生产者。奴隶制的邪恶力量在塞丝的杀婴行为中得到充分体现:在奴隶制下,一个母亲向自己孩子展现母爱的最佳方式,就是杀死他们,这样她就可以保护他们,使其免遭奴役。《宠儿》探讨的是奴隶制对奴隶造成的肉体上的、精神上的和情感上的劫掠。直到这些奴隶重获自由之后,那种劫掠依然阴魂不散,困扰着他们的身心。因此,对小说中那些已获自由的黑奴们来说,过去就像一场噩梦,是一种他们竭力想要忘却的负重。尽管奴隶制话语蔑视、否定和剥夺了他们的身份,但是,单凭对过去奴隶制记忆的压制并没有使他们从惨痛的过去中解放出来。他们只有直面过去,重新审视过去,通过给自己命名来找回自我,建立主体身份,走出奴隶制的阴影,并从孤立无援中走出来,和所有黑人、白人融为一体,才能获得精神上的真正解放。更多还原

【Abstract】 Toni Morrison, winner of the Nobel Prize for literature, is a towering figure in the contemporary American and African-American letters and has drawn much attention from the mainstream critics at home and abroad. Her fifth novel, Beloved, which won her the Pulitzer Prize in 1988, is considered by many to be her best work. Ever since its publication in 1987, Beloved has aroused many critics’ great interest and it has been regarded as "a milestone in American literary history."Set in the Reconstruction era in 1873, Beloved tells of a long and silent, but brutal and bloody period in black history in which the black voice was unceasingly suppressed by the discourse of slavery. Though slavery as an institution ended officially with Abraham Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation (1863), the discourse of slavery ideologies persists and prevails in the post-slavery era. As a consequence, all the black slaves in Beloved are engaged in a constant struggle to develop self-determined identity by resisting the destructive forces of slavery and racist discourse. Set in the post-slavery context, this thesis is an attempt at interpreting Beloved from the post-colonial perspective.Under slavery, black slaves are treated as animals rather than human beings. Slavery claims ownership of all of its "property," irrespective of age and gender, including the siblings of its female slaves, who are considered human reproduction machines, the producers of labor forces. The perverse forces of the institution of slavery are illuminated in Sethe’s act of infanticide: under slavery, a mother best expresses her love for her children by murdering them and thus protecting them from the more gradual destruction wrought by slavery. Beloved explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual devastation brought about by slavery, a devastation that continues to haunt those ex-slaves even when they are free now. Therefore, for those former slaves, the past is a nightmare, a更多还原