【作者】 彭光旭；

【导师】 颜亨梅；

【作者基本信息】 湖南师范大学 ， 动物学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 本文在国家自然科学基金项目(No.30370208)的资助下,采集了湖南、海南、云南3省境内农区蜘蛛优势种拟环纹豹蛛(Pardosa pseudoannulata)8个不同地理种群,应用RAPD技术,首次对其不同生境内种群的遗传多样性进行了检测,并探讨了其与生境的相关性。获得如下结果 1、拟环纹豹蛛自然种群具有相当丰富的遗传多样性 在优化的反应条件下,从使用的50个随机引物中筛选出10个引物进行扩增。共扩增出清晰稳定的片段84条,大小在200-2500bp之间,其中多态性片段62个,占73.8%。在8个研究的种群中,长沙天顶乡种群的多态位点比率最大(38.7%),海南南新农场种群的多态位点比率最小(17.7%)。供试样本的RAPD带型差异表明,拟环纹豹蛛自然种群具有相当丰富的遗传多样性。 2、不同生境内拟环纹豹蛛种群内和种群间的遗传多样性有差异 利用Shannon多样性指数测定8个种群的遗传多样性,拟环纹豹蛛种群内和种群间的遗传多样性所占的比例分别为64.24%和35.76%,遗传变异大部分存在于种群之内。种群内与种群间都具有较高的遗传变异。8个种群间的遗传距离的矩阵显示云南俄嘎种群与海南五指山种群的遗传距离最大(0.3725),海南南新种群和海南儋州种群的遗传距离最小(0.0753),各个种群间的平均遗传距离为0.2426,由此可见8个种群之间因生境的差异产生了较明显的遗传分化。更多还原

【Abstract】 Fifith-five strains Pardosa pseudoannulata collected from Hunan, Hainan and Yunnan provinces of China distributed in 8 floristic regions were assessed for genetic diversity using the RAPD technique and the correlation with the surrounding environmental factors. Under predetermined optimal reaction conditions,the amplifications gave 84 reproducible and stable fragments ranging from 200 bp to 2500 bp using 10 random primers selected from 50 ones. There were 62 polymorphic fragments and the total percentage of polymorphic loci is 73.8%. The higher percentage of polymorphic loci of eight subpopulations was in Tianding of Changsha City(38.7%) and lower(17. 7%) in Nanxin of Sanya City. The result revealed that there is significant genetic diversity in natural population of Pardosa pseudoannulata which come from different geographical habitants.By Shannon phenotypic diversity index from RAPD data, it was found that 64.24% of molecular variation existed within subpopulations while 35.76% of which among subpopulations. That showed there were high genetic diversity among inter and intra-population. The genetic average distance among eight subpopulations of Pardosa pseudoannulata was 0.2426;the largest was 0.3725 between Ega and Wuzhisan, and the smallest was 0.0753between Nanxin and Danzhou. It also showed the genetic variation existed among the subpopulations.The cluster analysis could classify 55 individuals by SPSS method. It also showed there were some differentiations among subpopulations. From the picture, we can make out which were clustered three branchs. One branch is the Tianding population and the Leifeng population, the other branch is the Shangpa, Yamu and Ega population, the last branchs is the Nanxin, Wuzhishan and Danzhou population firstly. The populations of provinces Hunan and Yunnan provinces assembled one branch first, then did populations in provinces Hainan. The cluster analysis results showed it was related to the geographic distance.Correlation analysis of total 8 populations show a positive relation between genetic diversity and altitude and latitude, but not significant. The genetic diversity and annual average temperature had a significantly negative correlation (P<0. 05). Besides the pesticide influence, correlation analysis of other populations show a most positive relation between genetic diversity and latitude (P<0. 01). It suggested that latitude and the annual average temperature might be one of important factors influencing on the genetic diversity of Pardosa pseudoannulata. It also suggested the use of pesticide will reduce the genetic更多还原