【作者】 孙中民；

【导师】 刘金初；

【作者基本信息】 湖南师范大学 ， 社会学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 职工“下岗”是中国经济社会转型过程中出现的一个特殊现象。“下岗”是影响我国改革发展和社会稳定的重大社会问题,也是政府和社会关注的焦点之一。下岗职工由于自身条件的限制,在重新就业时面临着诸多困难。同时,长期在计划体制下生活所形成的观念和行为上的“惯习”也使他们在适应新的市场经济体制时举步维艰。他们在求职过程中拥有的人力资本、社会资本的情况及使用社会资本的效果与其它群体是不同的。 本研究以人力资本理论和社会资本理论为出发点,立足实证资料,运用职业流动和职业地位获得的视角,考察了下岗职工所拥有的人力资本、社会资本对于其再就业过程的影响情况以及下岗职工在求职过程中择业观念对其地位获得的影响与效果。本研究借助人力资本和社会资本这两个关键变量,检验了以下几个研究假设:下岗职工的人力资本和社会资本越丰富,就越容易获得职业地位,且获得职业地位后的收入越高;职工下岗时间越长,导致人力资本折旧和社会资本萎缩,将越来越难以获得职业地位;获得职业地位需要人力资本和社会资本的交互作用,社会资本对获得职业地位有影响,人力资本对地位获得后的收入影响显著。而择业观念是一个主观变量,它对新职业地位的获得的影响主要通过择业地点、单位性质、工资水平、择业主动性、离家远近、发挥专长等因素表现出来。下岗职工的择业观念,直接影响了其新职业地位的获得。 研究结果表明,必须大力加强社区建设、非政府组织建设和下岗职工再就业培训。同时大力加强下岗职工职业观、择业观和就业形势的教育,大力加强文化创新和制度创新,才能转变下岗职工的择业观念,从而有效地促进下岗职工地位获得。更多还原

【Abstract】 The "laid-off" of workers is a peculiar phenomenon in the process of economy and society transformation of China. "Laid-off" is an important social problem that affects transformational development & social problem; it’s also a focus that the government and the society are greatly regarded. For the limitation of their own conditions, laid-off workers confronted many difficulties in reemployment. At the same time, their concept & behavioral habits that formed in the life of long-term plan system also made great difficulties in their adaptation to the market economy system. Their human capital、 social capital and the effects that they employ social capital in their position researching is different from the other social groups.This research set out from the human capital and social capital theory, based on investigated data, employed the perspective of social flow and status obtainment, studied the effect of the laid-off workers’ human capital and social capital on the process of their reemployment, and also studied the effect of their professional choosing concept on their status obtainment. The research applied the two key variables human capital and social capital to examine the following four hypotheses: The richer the laid-off workers’ human capital and social capital, the easier they are able to acquire profession positions, and the higher their incomes; The longer they are laid-off, their human capital depreciated and social shrunk, the more difficult they obtain professional positions .The obtainment of profession position require the interaction of human capital and social capital ,social capital has effect on the obtainment of profession position; human capital has important effect on income after they acquired a profession position. And the profession-choosing concept is a subjective variable. Its effect on new professional position obtainment mainly through choosing professional place、 unit character、 wage level、 choosing professional更多还原