【作者】 任国防；

【导师】 张庆林；

【作者基本信息】 西南师范大学 ， 发展与教育心理学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 当前解释顿悟问题解决机制的理论主要有表征转变理论和进程监控理论。表征转换理论的证据主要来自一步问题(one-step problem),而进程监控理论的证据主要来自有限步骤问题(limited-move problem)。进程监控理论主要解释了顿悟问题为什么困难,但事实上它并没有说明顿悟问题为什么会解决,只回答了在什么情况下被试才会寻求其他的方法,而且它把顿悟问题解决的一般过程看成是爬山的过程,是同常规问题解决方法相同的过程。而表征转换理论主要解释了顿悟是如何获得的——顿悟的获得是由于问题解决者对问题的表征实现了正确的转变,但它并没有解释表征什么时候、怎么样才能转变?本研究通过对一道中国古代的数学问题进行深入研究后认为,顿悟问题的解决经历了三个认知加工阶段,顿悟问题的解决需要在消除定势情况下激活正确的启发信息(线索),并验证了顿悟问题的原型激活和关键启发信息理论假说。 本研究包括三个实验。实验1让被试在不同条件下解决同一道数学问题,通过考察被试达到标准失败(criterion failure)的时间和在规定时间内解决问题的人数来检验进程监控理论。实验2考察了表征转换理论和被试在错误的问题空间内搜索问题的答案时线索的作用,实验3在实验1和实验2的基础上,考察了顿悟问题解决的元水平问题空间上的关键启发信息的激活理论。结合三个实验后的口语报告,获得以下几个结论:更多还原

【Abstract】 There are mainly two theories explaining the cognitive mechanism of insight problem resolving. One is the representational change theory, and the other is the progress monitoring theory. The two theories explain insight problem solving in different ways. The main support for the representational change theory is from one-step problems while the main support for the progress monitoring theory is from limited-move problems. By reviewing the two theories, we think although the progress monitoring theory has explained why insight problems are difficult, it doesn’t tell us why insight problems can be solved. And the progress monitoring theory looks at the insight problems resolving progress as hill-climbing, which is the same as the ordinary problem solving progress. The representational change theory has explained how insight problems can be solved. It claims the changing of problem representation causes the insight problems to be solved, but it doesn’t give us the reason how and when the representation of problem changes. We think that there are three cognitive phases in the process of solving insight problem and put forward a hypothesis about activation of clue in insight problem solving.This research consists of three experiments. Experiment 1 checked progress monitoring theory while Experiment 2 aimed to the representational change theory. On the basis of Experiment 1 and 2, Experiment 3 reviewed the clue activation更多还原