【作者】 胡佳怡；

【导师】 张庆林；

【作者基本信息】 西南师范大学 ， 发展与教育心理学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 人类思维的基本过程是分析、综合、抽象、概括、比较、分类、具体化和系统化。其中分类是比较复杂的思维活动,它是人脑通过比较,按照事物的异同程度而在思想上加以分门别类的过程。分类能够使一个人用相同的方法对不同的对象作出反应,使人能够就如何处理新的对象作出推论。鉴于此,理解人们所用的分类原理就显得十分重要了。 对分类的研究还很薄弱,从以前的一些研究来看。他们都是对影响分类构建的一个或两个因素进行了独立的研究和论证,但都没有对其影响进行过系统的研究,也就是说对各因素之间互动没有深入地研究过。 鉴于此,本研究以大学生为被试,选取不同认知纬度、空间纬度相结合的刺激物为实验材料,并以不同的呈现方式呈现.考察不同的呈现方式和刺激物的刺激属性对分类建构的影响,获得以下结论: (1) 刺激物的呈现方式对分类还是有很大的影响,逐一呈现比整体呈现能更多的引起家族式分类:但由Regehr和Brooks(1995)提出的逐个呈现刺激的方式不会产生一个普遍的家族相似性分类倾向,我们的实验参与者在逐个呈现刺激的方式下显示出了高比例的单一纬度分类。 (2) 发现分类策略对刺激物的性质非常敏感,会随其变化产生十分微妙的改变。这个结果和以前认为的分类相对不受大改变刺激物类型的影响(Medin et al.,1987;Regehr&brooks,1995)是矛盾的。 (3) 具有空间分离因数的刺激物比空间整体的刺激物会引起更多的家族相似性分类。这和以前认为的整体性的刺激物比分离的刺激物能更多的引起家族式分类(Garner,1974;Handel&Imai,1972)是矛盾的。 (4) 具有认知简单因数的刺激物比认知复杂的刺激物能更多的引起家族式分类。 (5) 各因数对分类建构影响的大小顺序为:呈现方式、认知纬度、空间纬度更多还原

【Abstract】 Previous research indicates that people’s preference for a unidimensional sort strategy in free classification is robust to substantial changes in stimulus procedures if an array procedure is used changes in stimulus procedures if an array procedure is used.So our study for In all, 160 subjects including undergraduates from south west normal university, whose eyesight and intelligence were normal, were randomly selected and participated in this experiment. The stimuli materials were consisted of perceptually difficult /simple and spatially integrated/separable, which were divided into 4sets.The stimuli materials were presented in 2 conditions (A.B),and on the base of subjects’ performance and explanation, the dependent variables were the results of classification based con single-dimension characteristics, whole similarity, two-phrase strategy and other strategies. The experiment design included Within-subjects and between-subjects, in which each of the 4 sets of stimuli materials and each of 2 present conditions took turns. The X test was performed on the datum with SPSS 10.0 for windows. The results showed:l.The results of classification of subjects were different with while the difference varied with stimuli-presenting mode, under A conditions, people preference undimensional sort ,but under B people preference for family resemblance sort. But the match-to-standards procedure introduced by Regehr and Brooks(1995) dose not produce a universal preference for family resemblance sorts.2.Sort strategy was found to be highly sensitive to quite subtle changes in更多还原