【作者】 张雷；

【导师】 翟婉明；

【作者基本信息】 西南交通大学 ， 车辆工程， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 为了满足社会经济发展的需求,我国铁路在既有线上已经成功地实施了五次大提速,目前正在为第六次大面积提速做准备,同时高速客运专线也在紧张有序地筹备和建设中。在高速和重载的条件下传统的有碴轨道结构型式面临着严峻地考验。这为弹性轨枕的工程应用带来了契机。 本文对弹性轨枕枕下垫板材料、物理力学性能、外观形状等进行研究和比选;从理论上对枕下垫板试样静刚度进行近似计算;提出弹性轨枕成型方案和弹性轨枕制作成型工艺流程。对制成的弹性轨枕和普通轨枕分别进行室内基础试验,通过静载和动载试验比较两种轨枕的道床横向阻力、轨枕支承刚度、轨枕荷载力矩、道床的下沉特性和枕下垫板的疲劳耐久性能。试验表明弹性轨枕的道床横向阻力完全满足无缝线路铺设的要求,其支承刚度大大低于普通轨枕,轨枕的荷载力矩也比普轨枕低,道床的初期下沉量远远低于普通轨枕。采用车辆—轨道耦合动力学理论,分析计算了弹性轨枕有碴轨道与普通轨枕有碴轨道在相同工况下轮轨系统各个部件的动力响应。对两种轨道结构的动力响应逐项进行对比分析,并对部分动力响应进行功率谱分析,同时对不同垫板刚度下弹性轨枕的动力响应和不同速度下两种轨道的动力响应也进行分析。分析表明弹性轨枕不仅能减少道床的振动加速度和振动能量,而且还能降低轨道的动力响应作用频率、减少道床和路基的压应力。 以上工作表明,弹性轨枕是目前我国高速重载有碴轨道强化的一项有效的技术对策。它的工程应用不仅在既有提速线上,而且在新建高速线路上都将发挥更加重要的作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Ballasted track is a basic track structure used on the railway lines in china. To satisfy the requirements of society and economy, trains have been speed-up five times on the existing railway lines, and now the departments of railway are making preparations for the sixth. At the same time the high speed lines for passenger transport are prepared to be constructed in order. So the conventional ballasted track must be intensified for high speed and heavy haul railway line, this is a chance for the elastic sleeper.Sleeper pads are resilient elastic pads which are mounted on the base of the sleepers. In this thesis, the material, physical performance and shape of sleeper pads are studied, the sleeper pads stiffness is calculated approximately, and how to produce the elastic sleeper is also discussed. By the contrast test it shows that the ballast lateral resistance the sleeper supporting stiffness, the sleeper load moment the ballast subsidence character and the sleeper pads fatigue wear capability of elastic sleeper are more excellent than these of conventional sleeper. The program is accomplished on the base of vehicle and track coupling dynamics theory. Applying this program the dynamical responses of each component in the vehicle and track system were calculated and in despite of elastic sleeper track or conventional sleeper track. These dynamical responses were be analyzed one by one for the two kinds track, also contrasted power spectral density of the part of responses, and researched the trend of all dynamical responses with the sleeper pads stiffness changed or the train speed raised. It reduces the average load on the ballast and the subgrade which axle loads are distributed over a greater number of sleepers, and reduces the direct dynamic forces and vibrations on ballast and helps prevent track subsidence. So the elastic sleeper can improve the long-term life cycle of the track structure and the ballast. Lower loads on the ballast leads to slower deterioration of the ballast from wear and breaking up. Consequently, settling of the ballast is reduce which helps prevent problems associated with track subsidence. This allows for更多还原