【作者】 赵达；

【导师】 李军；

【作者基本信息】 西南交通大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,人们已经认识到供应链管理(Supply Chain Management, SCM)包括采购、存贮、运输、原材料配送的重要性,它已成为企业获得竞争优势的关键性因素。但传统的供应链管理中,库存控制和运输问题这两个供应链的重要组成部分常常被分开研究,从而忽视了两者的相互联系和相互影响。各个企业也各自为政,只追求自身利益最大化,这无疑不利于整个供应链企业在竞争中取得主导优势地位。近年来,在国外出现了一种新的库存管理方法——供应商管理用户库存方式(Vendor Managed Inventory, VMI),这种库存管理策略打破了传统的各自为政、条块分割的库存管理模式,以系统的、集成的思想进行库存管理,使整个供应链系统获得同步化的运作,增强了企业的敏捷性和响应性,解决了供应链中信息扭曲的问题。从而有效地解决了牛鞭效应(Bull-whip effect)。 供应商管理库存(VMI)的思想为供应商通过统筹规划运输和库存计划来解决运输和库存之间“效益悖反(trade—off)”的矛盾及实现降低物流成本的目标提供了新的契机。库存—路径问题(Inventory Routing Problem, IRP)就是在如何同时优化运输和库存两个物流环节的现实需求推动下成为崭新的研究领域,是实施VMI策略过程中的核心问题。但是,如何制定有效的库存管理计划和运输路线安排计划来满足客户的需求并不是一项轻松的任务。尤其在客户数量较多、需求不确定的情况下,作业计划制定者将面临更大的挑战。 随着国外发达国家供应链管理的升温,国外对库存-路径问题(IRP)研究较热,而在国内,无论对库存-路径问题的理论探讨还是物流策略的实际应用都还比较薄弱。特别是在对于更加贴近现实的客户需求随机的库存-路径问题更是寥寥无几。因此,本文试图对客户需求随机的库存-路径问题进行有益的理论探讨,以此为目标,本文组织安排了以下的内容。 首先,介绍库存—路线问题(IRP)的研究背景及其理论与实际意义。在对相关文献研究分析和总结的基础上介绍了该问题的研究对象、范围、特点等,其目的在于了解、认识IRP。同时介绍了随机需求库存-路径问题的研究现状以及特点,分析了现有研究的不足之处,并以此为基础明确了本文的研究方向,确定了本文以具有D—System特性的One-Many拓扑结构的单货物需求随机的物流配送系统为研究对象。 其次,文章介绍马尔可夫决策过程(Markov Decision Process, MDP)的概念、基本理论以及无限阶段折扣模型的基本算法,并给出了一些有益的结论为更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, the importance of SCM including purchasing, storing, transportation, material-allocation has been noticed and the SCM has become the key factor of enterprise’s competitive advantage. However, the inventory control as well as transportation problem, the two important parts of supply chain, are studied separately in traditional supply chain management, which results in ignoring their interrelation and mutual influence. Each enterprise only seeks its maximal self interest and this situation is undoubtedly negative to the dominant place of the whole supply chain enterprises. A new inventory management method VMI has been put forwarded in recent years. This inventory management strategy breaks the traditional respective and separate inventory management mode, manages the inventory with the systematic and integrated thoughts, synchronizes the whole supply chain system, enhances the agility and responsibility of enterprises. resolves the problem of information contort in supply chain. Thus it solves the Bull-whip effect availably.The thought of VMI offers a new chance for suppliers to conquer the trade- off conflict between transportation and inventory and implement the goal of lowering the distribution cost by making overall plans of transportation and inventory. IRP becomes the brand new research field in demand of the solution to optimize the transportation and inventory simultaneously, and it is also the key question in the process of VMI. But how to make the effective inventory management and routing plans in order to meet the customer’s demands is not a easy task. The operative plan maker will face more challenges especially in the condition of many customers and uncertain demands.With more attention to supply chain management, the research of IRP has been a hot topic in developed countries. But in our country, both the theoretic quest of IRP and the practical application of distribution strategy are weak, even weaker in the research of IRP which is closer to the customer’s real stochastic demand. So this article tries to make a useful study of the IRP of customer’s stochastic demand and arranges the following contents:Firstly, it introduces the background and the practical value of IRP. On the basis of analyzing and summarizing the relative literatures, this article introduces the object,更多还原