【作者】 芦春梅；

【导师】 李增文；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 分析化学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以秸杆为原料,优化了炭化和活化的条件,制备了秸杆活性炭;并用于实际印染废水的净化处理。拟定了秸杆活性炭吸附-化学氧化法相结合的处理工艺流程。在最佳条件下,印染废水的CODcr的去除率可达到98%,色度去除率高达100%,达到了国家规定的排放标准。本文取得了以下主要成果: (1)本文以秸杆为原料制备活性炭,其原料资源丰富,价格低廉,大大降低了活性炭的生产成本。同时,减少了大量秸杆废料焚烧处理造成的环境污染,是很好的以废治废方式。(2)本文提出了以秸杆为原料制备活性炭的工艺流程,优化了各种工艺参数。以硫酸为活化剂的最佳活化温度为90℃,远远低于已报道的400℃～1200℃,大大降低了对活化设备的要求,同时也降低了制备成本。(3)拟定了活性炭吸附-化学氧化相结合的处理方法,并应用于实际印染废水的处理,印染废水的CODcr和色度去除率分别达到98%和100%,达到国家的排放标准。实验结果表明,该方法具有操作简便,流程时间短,Fenton 试剂的用量少,节省了处理成本。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the high-speed development of social economy and the improvement of people’s living standard, the environmental problem has been more and more serious. The proportion for improving the environment in national economy incoming is increasing rapidly in the countries all over the world every year. As one of the important branches of managing the environmental pollution-sewage disposal is making progress constantly too. Presently, in exhausting a great deal of the industrial waster water, the dying waster water pollutes more severity. It lets out so greatly and has a great deal of the poison contamination of inorganic and organic compounds, so it controls hardly. Now, the methods of reported have so many, but the any one can’t attain the ideal processing result. So the waste processing technique of lower cost, well applicability, becomes the focus that people concern increasingly. This works uses the stalk as raw material, selecting the most conditions of the activating to make the activated carbon from stalk; it used to the dying waste water, and establish the adsorbing and oxidizing two processing at the same time. On the condition of superior, the removal rate of the CODcr and the decoloration attain 98% and 100% respectively, meeting to the exhaustion standard of the nation provision. In making the activated carbon, this selected works uses the stalk from Jilin province’s abundant resources and abandon for raw material, after carbonization and activating to make the activated carbon. The province of Jilin is a big province that produces the corn, great quantities of the stalk is abandoned in the autumn harvest season and adopts the processing way of the incineration each time, not only wasting the resources, but also polluting the environment. Choosing the activated carbon decrease the burden of the environment and economize the cost. After the stalk through high heating, it reduces the composition of no carbon, through the absorbing ability of methyene blue, the carbon has already the certain hole. But because of the worse adsorbing ability, it must be carried on activating. In activating process, this experiment chooses the sulfuric acid to activate, along with the activating temperature to go up, it’s the ability of adsorbing gradually high, being the temperature to attain 90℃, the ability of adsorbing is the most strong; Extending the activating time, the adsorbing ability also immediately enlargement, at 60mins, the ability arrive the most strong; Also choosing the ratio of the solid and liquid and acidities, the ration of the solid and liquid is1:2, the acidity is 1:1, the ability arriving the most strong attain 7.56mL/0.1g. This experiment adopts the sulfuric acid, the activating temperature as 90℃, with have already reported the temperature 400℃to compare lower. The adoption the activating temperature lowly thus, not only reduce to the corrosion of the equipments in using sulfuric acid activating process, lower to the strength of the equipments and bear to decay the request, also save a great deal of funds. So the method is simple, having the cost low, the process time is short, requesting the low characteristics to producing the equipments. Using the activated carbon adsorbing the method that absorbing to combine together with chemistry oxidizes towards dying the waste water,this text, choosing the adsorbing and oxidize with Fenton reagent processing condition, under the best of condition, the removal rates COD of the wastewater as 98%, the decoloration rates be up to 100%. Induce the mechanism from in front and back of the activated carbon FIR spectrum analysis of the dying waters processing and adsorbing the isotherm to draw up at the same time. In the experiment, with the increment of time of librating, the activated carbon adsorbs the ability to be up, it has best efficacy at that time 120 min. And when the pH value of the aqua is more small, handling the result also more good, the comprehensive the removal rate of COD and the decoloration both, choosing the pH to be 3; Under the best condition of the pH value of the aqua and librating time, measure it adding full quantity is 80g/L. At the best condition, the removal rates of decoloration to attain 100%, the removal rates of CODcr also can attain 69.26%. With the Fenton reagent processing the dying water, the oxidize time and oxidize temperature for the wastewater of removal of COD affect the function not big; The higher or lower pH is not good, be selected 3 for pH, attain the best result; Experiment to discover, the FeSO4·7H2O join the quantity certain, the H2O2 join the quantity more big, the removal rate of the wastewater COD to descend ,on the contrary, excessive FeSO4·7H2O is not good, experimenting to choose the best quantity of FeSO4·7H2Ois 1/9, the removal rates of COD attains 97.11%. Experiment under the condition of the best oxidizes, the dying wastewater removal rates of CODCr be up to 98.11%. Through thus two operations, the activated carbon adsorb and oxidize with chemistry, the dying waste water CODcr from the raw water更多还原