【作者】 鲁凌凌；

【导师】 庞德良；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 世界经济， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 伴随日本工业化的进程,在政府相关农业、劳动力以及教育等方面政策的推动下,日本的农业剩余劳动力实现了成功的转移。本文希望通过对日本在工业化过程中的农业剩余劳动力转移的研究,借鉴经验,从而对我国解决“三农”问题提供参考。文章首先介绍了目前比较流行的关于城乡人口流动的理论,包括刘易斯的二元经济结构中的劳动力流动模型、费景汉——拉尼斯的扩充的劳动力流动模型、乔根森的需求拉动的劳动力流动理论以及托达罗的预期收入理论。在文章的主体部分,作者从拉力和推力两个方面具体分析了日本工业化过程中的农业剩余劳动力转移的原因及过程,指出农业生产率的提高使剩余劳动力的转移成为可能,工业化和城市的快速发展是推动剩余劳动力转移的必要动力。在日本农业剩余劳动力转移的过程中,农户的兼业性表现较为明显。最后,文章通过对中日两国农业剩余劳动力转移工作的比较,从完善农地制度、培育农村教育体系、建立社会服务体系和农村社会保障体系等四个方面总结了可供我国借鉴的经验。更多还原

【Abstract】 Accompany with the progress of Japanese industrialization, under the government push of the aspect policies such as related agriculture, labor force and education etc., the agriculture surplus labor force of Japan carries out to succeed in transfer. This text hopes to pass the research on the transfer of the surplus labor force in Japan, drawing lessons from the experiences, thus resolve the relevant problem to provide the references for our country. The first part of this article gives a research on the theories of the villager moving to cities. After drawing into the concepts of agriculture surplus labor force and its transfer, the point introduces popular theories for flow of the villager to cities, including the labor force model at the economic duality structure , the enlargement of the labor force flowing model, the labor force flowing model pulled by need and the reach on anticipated income. Though each party sets up his model on analyzing for science, there is actually blemish at different degree inevitably because of the different characters of each state. The second part is the corpus of the article, which analyzes the agricultural surplus labor force within the industrialization process in Japan. The efficiency of the agricultural production is a key factor, which pushes the surplus labor force to transfer. Basing on it, firstly, the article studies the being released of Japanese agricultural labor force. And the article explains the problem around two aspects: one is the relation between the agriculture modernization progress and the surplus labor forces transfer; the other is the exploration in the small scale management in Japanese agriculture. The agriculture progress in production technique and the management increases the productivity, the yield of the grain and other crops and the degree of commercialization, then releases a surplus labor force, so as to satisfy industry and service trades. In addition, the change of the agriculture itself is also an important factor that urges the labor force to transfer. The agriculture modernization is a process from traditional agriculture to the modern agriculture, during which the allocation of labor force is the most important. The agriculture modernization of Japan experienced three periods, the characteristics of each period is obvious. Japan is the typical model in developed countries in small scale agricultural management. The Japanese agricultural got a high productivity with a small scale management. Secondly, the article analyzes the absorption of the labor force from the non-agriculture section. The development speed of the non-agriculture section decides the speed and the scale of the agriculture surplus labor force transfer. When a national economy develops quickly, the speed of non-agriculture section is quicker .It leads to that agricultural labor force transfer to non-agriculture at a high speed. Whereas, the speed of the agriculture surplus labor force transferring will be restrained. The industrialization is the motive force to transform. Industrialization brings the agriculture labor force transferring inevitably. This kind of transfer includes both the section-to-section transform and town-to-city transform. At last, the article points out that household of two-occupation is the outstanding characteristics in Japanese agriculture surplus labor force transfer process. Household of two-occupation’s complied with Japanese national characteristic and promoted agricultural modernization; however, it is controvertible for its small-scale farming by individual owners. The third part summarizes four measures our government should carry out: through the correlation between Japan and China in the transfer of farm surplus labor force. First, push forward the agriculture scale management, continue landholding power and use the related law更多还原