【作者】 邹博；

【导师】 吴宇晖；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 西方经济学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 中国在50 年代开始的工业化进程基本上是以城市为依托、以争取工业最大产出的增长为目标的。70年代末期,中国工业化进程发生了变化。在城乡经济和社会体制依然分割的情况下,兴办乡镇企业就成了农民进入非农产业的主要甚至是唯一的选择。乡镇企业的崛起,标志着中国农民开始了直接进入工业化的进程。乡镇企业的崛起形成了中国工业化全面发展的新局面。它已成为农村工业化的主导方面和基本途径,而农村工业化又是中国工业化的关键。中国工业化进程由此出现新的生机,国民经济结构也由此而发生了重大变革。在中国农村工业化发展的过程中,农村工业部门得以生成,从而使国民经济结构呈现崭新的局面。推进工业化的实质就在于使国民经济结构发生变革,最终实现现代化。不论从怎样的角度论证,理论和事实都证明,在中国直接由二元结构转换是不可能的,这也与中国二元经济结构的特性有着直接的关系。换句话说,不论是通过农业人口大量涌入城市,还是依靠把在城市中扩张工业部门来转换二元结构,都不仅是不可取的,也是不现实的。那么,只能把注意力转向农村就地实现剩余劳动力的转移,通过弱化二元结构的强度,来打破固有平衡,形成国民经济结构的新局面。更多还原

【Abstract】 The economic development courses of the numerous countries indicate in the world , the modernized essence is by the evolution to the modern industrial society of traditional agricultural society, turn from agriculture country into an industrialized country. So, a country must realize industrialization while move towards modernizedly. However, in different countries, there can be different roads to advance industrialization; a country will demonstrate the difference chosen too under different historical conditions . The industrialized rise and development of countryside of China come in 10 , made China go on the unique industrialized road, national economy demonstrates the brand-new situation. The industrialized process which China began in the 1950s is supported by city basically, in order to strive for the growth of the biggest output of industry as the goal. Even in the long time, Chinese with high speed increase quite industry in two years. However, above-mentioned course were separated with the countryside, Chinese peasants have not participated in directly in fact. The new change of China’s industrialized process took place in the latter stage of the seventies. The condition of changes to is it leave main implementation of rural reform of content on contract system to unite with family. Under urban and rural economies and social situation that system cut apart still , set up township enterprise become peasant enter non-agricultural industry even the only choice mainly. The emergence of the township enterprise, indicate Chinese peasants begin to enter industrialized process directly. The emergence of the township enterprise has formed the all-round developing new situation of China’s industrialization. It has already become the industrialized leading respect in the countryside and basic way , and rural industrialization is China’s industrialized key . The new life appears from this in China’s industrialized process, the great change has taken place therefrom too in national economic structure. Among the course developed in China’s rural industrialization, the rural industrial department can produce , thus make national economic structure present the brand-new situation. Advance the industrialized essence to lie in making national economic structure improve, realize the modernization finally. Such western economists as Arthur Lewis ,etc. propose , has economic structure of two sectors in developing countries, namely the modern industrial department of the city and traditional agricultural sector of the countryside coexist, this is undoubtedly a kind of relatively backward national economic structure. Advancing the industrialized result is to make this kind of economic structure improve, make heterogeneous two structure change first structure of homogeneity into. According to the economic structure theory of two sectors, the key question of the economic structure of two sectors is the transformation of the surplus labor, elimination of surplus labor to change one basic sign most of structure into by two economic structure. No matter from what kind of angle prove, theory and fact prove, in China it changes to be impossible by two structure directly, this has direct relations with the characteristic of two sectors economic structure in China too. In other words , pour into city in a large amount through agricultural population , rely on expand industrialdepartment is it change two structure to come among city, not only inadvisable, but also unrealistic. Then, the transformation that can only turn attention to the countryside and realize the surplus labor on the spot , through weakenning the intensity of two structure , to break the inherent balance , form the new situation of national economic structure. The emergence of the township enterprise makes the rural industrial department of China produce progressively , it has already been different from the modern industrial department , different from the traditional agricultural sector , become and lie between the new developing department between the two, make two economic structure of China the historical change has taken place, China’s national economy demonstrates the new situation of three structure. As advancing the industrialized result in the countryside, the development of the township enterprise has transformed the industrial structure in the countryside, have changed the structure of labour force too, and demonstrate with the characteristic with heterogeneous agricultural economy. All these indicate , it is not merely the change strength of China’s rural economy structure, and has already made rural industry separate out from the parent of agriculture , has become a relatively independent economic department . Meanwhile, the development of the rural industrial department is while changing production structure in the countryside greatly, make workforce’s employment structure produce the great change again, it has streamlined the passway where the surplus rural labor force shifted to industry, agriculture obtains employment the decline of share is obviously aggravated .Through comparing the rural industrial department with the agricultural sector and urban industrial department, we are easy to find , the rural industrial department has already pursued industrialized characteristics , and does not possess the modern and industrialized condition , so can regard the rural industrial department as the department with modern industry’s nature . In this way, the ensemble architecture of China’s national economy presents the situation that three kinds of systems coexist, namely traditional agricultural system , modern industry’s system and modern industry’s system. The situation that these three kinds of systems coexist does not mean the road unified to national economic structure is longer , make to one conversion become perhaps and reality under terms of China of structure exactly, have accelerated the process that the structure changes. Because appear in the form of changing structure as the rural industrial department of the third kind of structure, its middle nature makes it become the bridge between traditional industry and modern industry. The forming of the rural industrial department of China, is formed by the output value of transforming China’s rural economy at first, secondly it is a trend that rises in the share of the value of industrial output that the change of reversing the employment state lags behind seriously, have offered objective demand and possibility for Chinese urbanization of villages again. Existing experience indicate, on the basis of rely on in countryside shifting workforcing , promoting to give terms definitely urbanization of villages on the spot mainly, peasants should participate in the course of industrialization directly extensivly , can only realize through entering the更多还原