【作者】 刘静波；

【导师】 张鹤泉；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 中国古代史， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 本文对两汉时期的皇帝赏赐问题做了比较细致的探讨。首先介绍了两汉时期皇帝赏赐的对象,其次对皇帝赏赐的内容进行了阐述。这两部分是研究问题的基础,为进行下一步的研究提供了看问题的视角。文章的第三部分,从常制赏赐、帝室发生重大事件时的赏赐、国家出现祥瑞时的赏赐和皇帝巡幸时的赏赐等四个方面,概括说明了皇帝在什么情况下进行赏赐的问题,即皇帝赏赐的缘由。第四部分,通过对黄金问题、普赐天下民爵问题、官员丧葬制度和赏赐机构等四个方面的归纳,对赏赐问题做了一个比较研究。最后,在此基础上,文章从积极的与消极的两个方面总结了皇帝赏赐所带来的社会影响,以期对这一问题能有个全面的认识。更多还原

【Abstract】 The emperor’s rewards are an important problem in Han Dynasty .They have influenced deeply politics,econony,culture and the national relatives etc.To study the problem ,we can understand the development and the change in politics,economy and culture between Dong Han Dynasty and Xi Han Dynasty. The article observe and study the problem of the emperor’s rewards from five aspects. The first ,to say who are the objects of the emperor’s rewards .The objects of the emperor’s rewards has becomed much greater than before.The range is from nobles to common people ,including the leaders and the chief officials of the national minority .The different objects have the different rewards because of the different reasons . The second,to tell about the content of the emperor’s rewards.It is extensive very much .The range is much greater than the past dynasties ,including the material reward and the honorary reward .The material rewards are the most important ,and they include many kinds,gold,money,grain,textiles and silk fabrics,etc.It also includes house,land,mine,slaves and retainers,carriage .After some officials died , the emperor maybe awarded money,material and tomb .The last, the material rewards include madicine,food,books and instrumentalists.So we can know that the rewards include life necessities and luxury items,and the royal clans,the royal relatives on distaff side and the officials are the main objects of these.Generally speaking,the common people often gain grain and textiles.especially the widowers,the widows,the orphans,the lonely men and the old men.The noble rank is the most common reward to the common people,which is a feature in Han Dynasty.In the article,the noble rank belongs to the honorary reward.Because it is a remarkable sign on politicial status.and it is a necessary thing to the people at that time,especially in Xi Han Dynasty.Besides the noble rank,the honorary rewards also include the rewards of surname,assumed name,bird Stick and the military bodyguards of the emperor.So we can know although the honorary rewards were awarded the material objects,it layed particular emphasis on the reward to the people’s spirits.and paid attention to the confirmation and approval of the person’status.They were even more a symbolism. The third,to summarize the reasons of the rewards.The official ordinary rewards include two sides:the rewards that the emperor awarded the feudal dukes when they meet their senior every year and the rewards in different festivals,such as the rewards in the Beginning of Spring and in the 12th lunar month.So we can know that the rewards to the officials are various.They have many kinds.The rewards of the important events in imperial house include the emperor ascending throne,the emperor grown-up,erecting crown prince,the crown prince grown-up and conferring empress.The objects are persons all over the world.The rewards have often the royal ranks to the people and the officials.Maybe the emperor awards the royal ranks to the fathers in Xi Han Dynasty.The widowers,the widows,the orphans,the lonely men and the old men were awarded grain and textiles sometimes.Besides these,the emperor gave order rewards when he would pass away.But from the records in books,the rewards had not been awarded by every emperor.The rewards when the auspicious signs happened in the country,began in the period of Han Wudi.It is relevant to the development of the Confucianism.In Xuandi of Xi Han Dynasty,the records were the most.Sometimes,the rewards were all over the world.Sometimes,they were a district.The frequency of the rewards in Dong Han Dynasty are less than in Xi Han Dynasty.Because the rewards happened mainly in the stable periods of economy,they were a trick that the governor cheated the people.The rewards when theemperor made inspection tour,are mainly awarded to the officials and the people in the district and to the retinues.The people were mainly awarded grain.The old men occasionally were awarded textiles.But the officials are still the chief objects.The emperor made inspection tour to investigate the conditions of the people and to inspect officials.All that could defend the government much more so.Eventually,the officials are the main objects.The common people have not practial benefits.On the contrary,they need bear the activity fees. The fourth,to compare the rewards in Xi Han Dynasty with those in Dong Han Dynasty.To study the difference in using gold,we can know that the gold had becomed less in books in Dong Han Dynasty because of the reason of the war.The difference in the rewards of the royal ranks all over the world between Xi Han Dynasty and Dong Han Dynasty,is the course of the twenty royal ranks declining and falling gradually.The officials’funerals were taken seriously more and more because the institution of the rewards to the officials when they died had been consummated.It is relevant to the idea of serving the dead person being like the living in Han Dynasty.In the later period of Dong Han Dynasty,the rewards to the eunuchs were relevant to the reality at that time which the emperors were weak and the royal relatives on distaff side grabed all the powers.In Xi Han Dynasty,the finance were divided into the royal finance and the nation’s finance.The Shao Fu was in charge of the royal finance and the Da Si Nong was in charge of the nation’s finance.But in Dong Han Dynasty,the finance had been combined.The Da Si Nong was in charge of it.The difference of either the organization or the source of the rewards between Xi Han Dynasty and Dong Han Dynasty,had been finally caused by the system of autocratic government that the monarch alone had the decisionmaking power. The fifth,to summarize the influence of the emperor’rewards.The positive influence is to strengthen the relatives between the emperor更多还原