【作者】 韩宁；

【导师】 赵国华；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 世界经济， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 中国是世界上最大的发展中国家, 美国是世界上最大的发达国家, 中美在资源条件、经济结构、产业结构以及消费水平等要素禀赋结构方面具有很强的互补性, 维持中美两国健康、和谐、稳定的经贸关系至关重要, 符合两国人民的根本利益。然而, 中美贸易摩擦一直不断, 2 0 0 3 年岁末至2 0 0 4 年初, 由美国单方面挑起的一系列贸易摩擦给中美贸易关系蒙上了浓重的阴影, 贸易大战似乎一触即发, 中美两国已经进入了前所未有的贸易摩擦期。国内诸多专家、学者对此众说纷纭, 从多个角度进行研究。本文以通俗易懂的语言, 深入浅出地针对中美贸易摩擦的多层次原因、美国容易使用的政策工具以及我国应采取的对策等方面进行了比较详尽的阐述。指出在反映最实际利益关系的国际贸易关系中,中美贸易摩擦升级为全面贸易战的可能性不大, 经贸关系将在曲折中前进, 贸易摩擦具有必然性, 但中美经济的互补性远远大于竞争性最终决定了两国的经贸关系将持续发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 The thesis begins with the present condition of Sino American trade andfocuses on the definition to the reasons of the trading collisions between twocountries, the general policies America employed, Chinese reaction and theprospect of the trade relationship between China and America.This thesis is consisted byfive parts.The first part is devoted to the discussion of the present condition of theSino American trade.China and America are mutual complementaryin terms of their resource,economic and industrial structure and level of consumption. Moreover theconnection and reaction of the world market system those are making theeconomy of the two states more and more tight.After the 1990s, great changes have occurred in the aspect of worldpolitics and economy and “Peace and Development”have replaced theshadow of the cold war. Due to the imbalance in economic developmentbetween the two states, the trade collisions become much more intense. Atthe turns of year 2004, the two states entered a new turn of trade collisiondespite of their mutual increasingin trade volume.Chapter two focuses on the specific analysis of the causes of the tradecollisions between the two states.The first reason is the political needs of the USA. The economic declineand the presidential election in Nov. 2004 are the background for the comingup of trade protectionism. The Bush government focuses on trade policies tocompensate for its setback in civil politics. The second is the imbalance between the economic development ofChina and that of the USA. The international trade system is led by USA andits economic power surpasses that of any other countries and its market is thebiggest export markets for many a state. Between the trading of SinoAmerican, The level of Chinese reliance on America is greater than the latterto the former. This dissymmetry determines that USA is often the initiator ofthe most trade collisions. The third reason is the imbalance of Sino American trade and it is themost serious problem in the trade collisions and the climbing of trade deficitwill definitely cause more and more trade collisions between China and USA. According to the statistics, from the sector of information of theBusiness Department of the PRC concerning Sino American trade, in the year2004, the trade deficit is $80.27 billion US Dollar and according to Americanstatistics, it is as high as $1618.78 US Dollar, that near 24.8% the total tradedeficit of USA. A further analysis of the big difference between the twostatistics will help to make clear the root of the problem. The randomness and abuse of the standard of origin of production is thesubjective reason overvaluing China’s export or America’s import. In USA,all the goods deemed as made in China will be counted as China’s exportwithout any consideration of the middleman or the increase of value in theprocess; while USA will not count such part in their own computation ofexport and the result is an exaggeration of the trade deficit. Since the mid of1980s, the increase of Chinese processing trade has changed the trade patternof Asian-Pacific area, “the effect of the transferring industry”is prominent.The “keep within limits”policy of America limited America’s export toChina and is a restricting factor in the development of Sino American trade.The huge difference of income and the need of the dissymmetry between thetraded products are the long-term reason for American trade deficit. America,as a country who has the most multinational corporations, does not count theinner products of its corporations in China and the difference in countingmakes America underestimate its exports to China and China underestimateits import. The fourth is the influence of the theory of Chinese threat on others. The fifth is the foul competition of Chinese companies and their lack ofattention to avoid the pressure of trade collisions and to defend trade risks. The third part dwells on the common policies USA employs. First of all, in the fifteenth clause of “the attending protocol of PRC”regulated the comparability of price in bonus when dumping occurs and thesixteenth clause presents the protective mechanism for special products in thetransitional period. The harm of the fifteenth clause is that in Sino Americantrade, America has great discretion and they can easily overestimate thevolume of dumping for Chinese products while at the same time Chinesecompanies have difficulty in responding to the appeals and setting price forexport and thus causing further prejudice against Chinese state-ownedenterprises. The sixteenth clause itself made it applicable singularly to Chinaand it is safer to American government and thus means little cost. It made iteasier to initiate the special protective mechanism against China. Next, it is the technical barriers to trade (TBT). The TBT system of USAhas a wide coverage and the legal system that is complex and the executionstrict and its unilateral feature is obvious. Another point is that America use its own law to replace theinternational law. The “301 clause”has achieved great success in forcingAmerican trade partners to open their market to American commodities andservices, the core of “301 clause”is to regard American market as theweapon, forcing other countries to accept the international trade criterion ofAmerican, so as to safeguard the benefit of American. The “337 clause”isbecoming a powerful weapon in American appeals concerning the protectionof patents, and it has become a chief bulwark to export Chinese productsexcept the investigation of anti-dumping. The fourth part is Chinese reaction measures. The first is the construction of the constant and concerted cooperativemechanism and to do research and discuss the existed problems in SinoAmerican trade. With a careful treatment of Sino American trade relationship;the trade collisions can be viewed as opportunity and driving force for thebilateral trade. We should familiarize ourselves to the “political inertia”andthe operation mechanism. When addressing the problem, we should have anoverall view and make all the problems react with each other and negotiatewith USA in a united way. Strategically, USA needs China and we shouldgrasp the limit of the trade collisions. The second is that we should exercise political pressure on USA andforce it to acknowledge the Chinese market economy because this not onlyrelated to the anti-dumping issue, it also has great importance in theconstruction of the outer environment of future international competition ofChinese companies in foreign trade. The third is to react to the appeals and to fully use WTO problemsolving mechanisms. If the ratio of winning the cases is 2/3, Americancompanies will be deterred in their deeds and it will pose a positive influenceon Chinese companies. The fourth is that Chinese companies should improve the value of itsprocessed products. By improving the varieties of the products, adjusting theexport structure, we can break down American mechanism of export we relyon so much. Considerations should also be directed to the internationalizationof the processing in order to gain greater flexibility in the tag of “originalplace of production”. The fifth is to present the internationally unified standard in China andto perfect the technical construction standard of China. We should focus ourattention on the design and development of products, which can overcomethose technical trade barriers. We should also adjust the export structure andput into practice the high-tech strategy. We should rely on the technicalstandards of developed countries to quicken our technical authentication. The sixth is that after our entry into WTO, the primary task of ourgovernment is the change of role of the government and the redefinition ofthe companies’role in the economical proceedings. The internationalizationof the agency like chamber of commerce, trade guilds is a main task in theperfection of the market economy system. The seventh is to construct complete and scientific pre-alarm system andquick reaction system in order to protect the fundamental benefits of ourcountry and our industry. The eighth is to cultivate professional experts and do more research on更多还原