【作者】 杨华；

【导师】 饶力群；

【作者基本信息】 湖南农业大学 ， 生物化学与分子生物学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 目的:试图了解雄性不育水稻花粉败育与幼穗及花药细胞凋亡的关系,旨在从细胞凋亡的角度来阐明水稻雄性不育系育性转换的机理。为雄性不育系的选育,雄性不育系的繁殖,杂交组合的选配以及高产保纯繁殖栽培提供理论参考,以便更大程度地挖掘和利用杂交水稻潜力与优势。 方法:采用花粉镜检、套袋自交和自然结实法考察取料的准确性;采用DNA电泳检测和石蜡切片法等技术,系统地观察水稻正常品种三系保持系4002B和4026B,三系不育系4001A和4025A,两系不育系培矮64S可育株、不育株、处理株以及株1S不育株的幼穗及花药发育过程的差异。 结果: 1、检测到水稻幼穗及花药DNA片段化,并从新的角度证实水稻细胞凋亡DNA降解不形成典型的DNALadder,而是形成弥散的连续图谱。 2、可育株(包括常规品种和不育系的可育株)幼穗未检测到细胞凋亡,花药在第7期花粉充实期检测到细胞凋亡,即可育株幼穗及花药细胞凋亡集中在第7期花粉充实期发生。这是花药绒毡层细胞凋亡。 3、不育株(包括两系不育株和三系不育株)幼穗发育早期幼穗及幼穗发育晚期花药检测到细胞凋亡,细胞凋亡发生并不集中在第7期花粉充实期。 4、10mmol/L的水杨酸注射培矮64S可育株第4期幼穗,连续注射三天能够起到诱导花药出现异常的细胞凋亡的作用,并影响了水稻的育性。 5、绒毡层功能失常只是花药细胞凋亡异常的表现之一,花粉败育的根本原因可能是幼穗及花药的细胞凋亡异常。 结论:雄性不育水稻花粉败育与幼穗及花药细胞凋亡异常密切相关。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective: Try to comprehend the relation between pollen abortion and apoptosis of young spike and anther in rice. So a mechanism of fertility alteration could be analyzed with the views of apoptosis. The mechanism can provide academic references for breeding of and multiplication male sterile rice, breeding of hybrid rice and the high yielding culture. Ultimately the potentiality and the heterosis of hybrid rice may be highly explored and used.Methods: By using methods of pollen sterility examination under microscope, bagged seed and seed setting, veracity of drawing materials was insured. By using techniques of DNA agarose electrophoresis and investigation of paraffin section, an extensively cytological study was conducted on the young spike and anther development of 4002B and 4026B, two normal cultivars; 4001A and 4025A, two three-line male sterility rice; peiai 64S and zhu 1 S,two two-line male sterility rice. Results:1 DNA fragmention can be detected in the young spike and the anther of rice. The results provide further evidence that DNA during the apoptosis of rice cell did not formed a characteristic "ladder" but "continuous electrophoregram" on agarose gel electrophoresis.2 Apoptosis can’t be detected in the young spike of fertile rice plants, including conventional rice plant and fertile plant of male sterile rice line. But it can be detected in the anther of them during the pollen plenum stage.3 Apoptosis can be detected in the young spike and the anther of male sterile rice更多还原