【作者】 李彦文；

【导师】 杨仁斌；

【作者基本信息】 湖南农业大学 ， 环境工程， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 恶唑菌酮是一种新型的高效、广谱杀菌剂,广泛用于农作物,并即将在我国推广使用。本文主要研究了恶唑菌酮的残留降解和迁移等环境行为。论文主要内容如下: 前言为文献综述,对恶唑菌酮的研究现状和农药在土壤中降解迁移研究进展进行了回顾和总结。 第一章建立了恶唑菌酮在土壤和柑桔中残留的气相色谱分析检测方法。土壤和柑桔样品用丙酮进行提取,用环己烷-酸乙酯混合溶剂对提取液（桔肉和桔皮）进行萃取,土壤提取液和柑桔萃取液经浓缩后用弗洛里硅土层析柱进行净化,淋出液经浓缩后用甲苯定容,GC—ECD(Ni⁶³)检测。方法的平均添加回收率为82.71%-102.12%,变异系数为1.81～9.01%,在土壤、柑桔果皮、柑桔果肉样品中的最小检出浓度分别为0.01mg/kg、0.015mg/kg、0.0025mg/kg,方法的灵敏度、准确度、精密度等均符合农药残留检测的要求。 第二章采用田间试验研究了恶唑菌酮在自然环境中柑桔和土壤上的降解残留动态,并且在室内可控条件下研究了恶唑菌酮在土壤中的降解影响因子。结果表明:①恶唑菌酮在我国南方亚热带季风气候下、果园自然环境中的降解动态符合一级动力学方程,两年中恶唑菌酮在柑桔全果上的降解半衰期为21.73d～23.98d。果皮上的降解半衰期为26.46d～27.51d,土壤中为9.68d～13.95d。按照推荐剂量施用恶唑菌酮,收获的柑桔果肉中未检出恶唑菌酮,果皮中的恶唑菌酮含量为1.7865～0.6590mg/kg,全果中恶唑菌酮残留量为0.4088～0.1519mg/kg。②灭菌条件下的半衰期是未灭菌条件下的27.6倍,说明土壤微生物是恶唑菌酮在土壤中降解的主要影响因素。③环境温度、土壤水分含量和土壤有机质含量对恶唑菌酮降解有影响,在15^C～40℃中,随着温度升高恶唑菌酮的降解速率加快,特别是15℃～25℃降解速率上升较快;过高和过低的土壤持水量都不利于土壤中恶唑菌酮的降解。当土壤持水率为50%FC～100%FC时,恶唑菌酮的降解速率较快;有机肥的施用对恶唑菌酮的降解有明显的促进作用,pH对恶唑菌酮的降解影响不显著。 第三章研究了恶唑菌酮在土壤中的移动性。结果表明:①在五种不同类型的土壤中,恶唑菌酮的移动系数R_f为0.089～0.141。说明在通常情况下恶唑菌酮是一种移动性较弱的农药。②恶唑菌酮的移动性与土壤的有机质和粘粒含量相关性较强,相关系数分别为-0.9451和-0.9030,而土壤的pH值、阳离子交换量、砂粒、粉粒含量等因子与恶唑更多还原

【Abstract】 Famoxadone is a new highly active, broad-spectrum fungicide that will be popularized in China soon. Famoxadone can control a few diseases in crops. The researches followed were mainly about the analytical method and behavior of famoxadone in soil.In preface, study advancement of famoxadone, the degradation and mobility of pesticide in soil were briefly introduced and summarized .Residue analytical method of famoxadone in citrus and soil were established in chapter one. The famoxadone fungicide in soil, citrus pulp and peel could be extracted with acetone ,then the extract was re-extracted with ethyl acetate-cyclohexane mixture. After being concentrated by evaporation, the extracts were cleaned up by a column chromatography on florisil. The final residue can be detected by GC—ECD （Ni63 ） with high sensitivity. The average recoveries from untreated control samples fortified with famoxadone at rates of 1.75 mg/kg, 0.175 mg/kg, 0.0175mg/kg ranged from 82.71% to 102.12%, and the coefficient of variation was from1.81% to 9.01%.The lowest detectable concentration of famoxadone in soil ,citrus peel and citrus pulp were 0.01mg/kg, 0.015mg/kg, 0.0025mg/kg respectively. The accuracy, repetition and precision of the method were all good to satisfy the essential rules of pesticide residue determination.Degradation dynamic of famoxadone in soil and citrus were studied. Results showed: (DThe degradation fate of famoxadone in soil and citrus could be described by first-order kinetics equation under the subtropical monsoonal climate of south china. The DT₅0 of famoxadone was 21.73d-23.98d in citrus fruit , 26.46d- 27.51d in citrus peel, 9.68d - 13.95d in soil respectively. The final residue of famoxadone was not detected in citrus pulp, 1.7865 mg/kg - 0.6590 mg/kg in citrus peel, and 0.4088 mg/kg-0.1519mg/kg in citrus fruit at recommended dosage. (DThe DTso of famoxadone in non-sterilized soil was 27.6 times faster than that in sterilized soil, which indicates microorganism was the dominant factor affected the degradation of famoxadone in soil. （3）Environment factors including temperature, field capacity and organic matter content could also affect the degradation of famoxadone in soil. The degradation rate was accelerated obviously with the temperature increasing from 15°C to 40°C, especially from 15°C to 25°C. When the field capacity changed from 50%-100%,the更多还原