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北京城市生态系统空气真菌群落结构与动态变化研究

Study of Airborne Fungal Community Composition and Dynamics in Beijing Urban Ecosystem

【作者】 胡利锋

【导师】 廖晓兰; 欧阳志云;

【作者基本信息】 湖南农业大学 , 农药学, 2005, 硕士

【摘要】 空气真菌是城市生态系统重要的生物组成部分,它们与自然生态平衡及许多生命现象直接相关,在城市生态过程中起着重要的作用,同时微生物气溶胶在大气物理和化学方面也有重要的作用。微生物气溶胶还与空气污染、环境质量以及人们的健康状况密切相关,并可能导致各种微生物疾病的发生。本研究是中国科学院知识创新项目“北京城市生态环境演变与调控机理研究”的一个内容,在研究中,在文教区、交通干线和公园绿地三类功能区选定三个观测点,即中国科学院生态环境研究中心、西直门和北京植物园,通过定点系统取样方法,运用BIOLOG技术,研究了北京市空气真菌的群落结构及其动态变化特征,主要结果如下: 1、三个观测点共记录了19属或群40种的空气真菌,它们是枝孢属(Cladosporium)、链格孢属(Alternaria)、青霉属(Penicillium)、曲霉属(Aspergillus)、木霉属(Trichoderma)、拟青霉属(Paecilomyces)、毛霉属(Mucor)、脉孢菌属(Neurospora)、根霉属(Rhizopus)、镰孢属(Fusarium)、放射毛霉(Actinomucor)、散囊菌属(Emericella)、内孢霉属(Endomyces)、新萨托菌属(Neosartorya)、茎点霉属(Phoma)、篮状菌属(Talaromyces)、单端孢属(Trichothecium)以及酵母菌(Yeasts)和无孢菌。其中优势菌属为枝孢属(Cladosporium)、无孢菌(non-sporing)、链格孢属(Alternaria)、青霉属(Penicillium)和曲霉属(Aspergillus)。枝孢属是绝对优势真菌,浓度约占真菌总浓度的三分之一,但是青霉属真菌的物种数量最多,共鉴定出21中,约占菌种数量的50%。 2、北京市空气真菌浓度为1164.8±73.2 CFUm-3,浓度变异较大,变化范围为23.6~13959.5 CFUm-3。植被覆盖率高的取样点空气真菌浓度明显高于植被覆盖率低取样点;夏季和秋季空气真菌浓度明显高于冬季和春季。 3、空气真菌粒径的分布趋势不随着时间和空间的变化而变化,呈对数正态分布,真菌粒子主要分布在1.0~6.0μm之间。但是在不同时间和不同环境条件下,真菌粒子在各级的百分比有着明显的变化。此外,空气真菌中值直径为1.8~2.0μm之间,随着时间和空间的变化较小。

【Abstract】 Airborne fungi, important composition of bioaerosols of urban ecosystem, are one of the most important pollutants in the atmosphere and also associated directly with natural ecological balance and many life phenomena. At the same time, microbe bioaerosol have important effect on air physical and chemical character. Airborne fungi are being proposed as a cause of adverse health effects. Elevated levels of fungal concentrations in the air are proved to be associated with decreased lung function, increased adverse respiratory symptoms such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, toxicoses, infections and so on..The research is one of content of the project of knowledge innovation of CAS. An investigation on the fungal types, concentrations, and their dynamic variation in outdoor environments was carried out in three sampling sites which locate in three different functional areas respectively around one year in Beijing. The purpose of the research was hoping to provide theory basis for environment protection, improving air quality and disease control caused by airborne fungi.Results show that 19 genus including 40 specis were identified, they are Cladosporium、 Alternaria、Penicillium、 Aspergillus、 Trichoderma、 Paecilomyces、 Mucor、 Neurospora、 Rhizopus、 Fusarium、 Actinomucor、 Emericella、 Endomyces、 Neosartorya、Phoma、Talaromyces、 Trichothecium、 Yeasts and nonsporulating fungus. The most common culturable airborne fungi in all seasons and all functional areas were Cladosporium, nonsporulating fungi, Alternaria, Penicillium and Aspergillus. The most dominant fungus was Cladosporium, which contributed to more than 1/3 of the total.The fungal concentrations varied widely and the average was 1164.8 + 73.2 CFUm-3, ranging from 23.6 to 13959.5 CFUm-3.The fungal levels in Research Center For Eco-Environmental Science (RCEES) and Beijing Botanic Garden(BBG) were highest in the fall and summer, and lowest in the winter and spring, while the seasonal

  • 【分类号】X172
  • 【被引频次】15
  • 【下载频次】262
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