【作者】 肖旭峰；

【导师】 刘明月；

【作者基本信息】 湖南农业大学 ， 蔬菜学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum L.)属营养繁殖的作物,在营养繁殖过程中易引起病理性和生理生化退化,从而导致产量和品质下降,因而生产上采用茎尖脱毒培养试管苗,繁殖微型薯,扩繁生产脱毒种薯的途径来解决种薯的退化问题,其中提高微型薯的产量是生产脱毒种薯的重要环节。本文从NPK营养水平、基质配比、试管苗栽培密度以及生长调节剂调控植株结薯诸方面探讨了马铃薯微型薯生产技术,主要试验结果如下: 1、采用三因素五水平正交旋转组合设计,用基质盆栽法,研究了N、P、K施用量与微型薯单株块茎重、单块茎重的相关性。试验零水平为N:200mg/L,P:40mg/L,K:400mg/L,并建立了相应的数学模型。结果表明:K肥与产量几乎呈直线相关,增施K肥可提高微型薯的产量和单块茎重;P肥在适宜的浓度时也能够稳定的提高微型薯的产量和单块茎重,N肥施用量超过250mg/L浓度后不利于微型薯产量的形成和单块茎的生长。N-K肥之间对微型薯的产量存在着正向互作,N肥一定而增施K肥可获得高产,且K肥用量越多增产幅度越显著;P-K之间也对产量存在着正向互作,K肥用量超过400mg/L时微型薯的产量快速上升。N-P对单块茎重存在负向互作,适宜浓度的N-P配施,有利与单块茎重量的增加,N超过一定浓度后,增施P肥对植株的生长发育出现副作用。经多元回归和频率分析方法得出无土栽培微型薯N、P、K最优组合方案马铃薯微型薯产量最高的的施肥方案是:N 274.23mg/L,P 59.94mg/L,K 603.46mg/L。N、P、K的用量比例为4.58:1:10.07,可获得最高产量35.01g。 2、采用8种不同体积配比的基质比较脱毒试管苗的生长势、移栽和扦插苗的存活率、单株块茎重、单块茎重等各项生理指标,结果表明:试管苗移栽和扦插苗在8种基质中的存活率都很高。其中炭化谷壳、珍珠岩、菌渣、椰子毛和细河沙按1:1:1:1:1组成的基质最适宜微型薯生长,单株块茎重和单块茎重最大,分别为38.97g及5.03g,且平均每株结薯7.75个;另外椰子毛、珍珠岩、菌渣和细河沙按1:1:1:1混合的基质,炭化谷壳、珍珠岩、菌渣、椰子毛、细河沙按1:1:1:1:2混合的基质,炭化谷壳、珍珠岩、椰子毛、细河沙按更多还原

【Abstract】 Potato (Solarium tuberosum L. ) is a vegetative propagation crop. Continuous cultivation will cause pathologic and physiology-biochemistry degeneration easily during the course of the vegetative reproduction, then lead to the decrease of the yield and the quality significantly. In order to solve the degeneration of seed tubers, innocuous seed tubers are used to reproduce minitubers then make them enlarge the production. So improving the production of minituber is the important section in the production of innocuous seed tubers.The paper indicated effects on different N,P,K and planting density non-soil-medium proportion, plant growth substance to minituber tuberization, the results showed as followes:1.By means of orthogonalty rotational combination design, a three-factor (N,P,K) substrate cultivaton experiment was conducted using minituber, and the zero level is N:200mg/L, P:40mg/L, K:400mg/L. The regression equations of the relationship between N,P,K and effects on the yield and mono-tuber weight were established. The results showed that there was straight-line linear reationgship between K fertilizer and the yield. Application of potassium fertilizer could obviously increase the yield and mono-tuber of minituber; Enriching P fertilizer in optimal concentration could increase the yield and mono-tuber smoothly; To the concentration of N fertilizer, Exceeding 250mg/L was detrimental to the increse of production and mono-tuber. There was the relationship of positive interaction between N fertilizer and K fertilizer. When N fertilizer was in a certain concentration, the promotion effects on the yield were obvious with the increase of K fertilze r, more Kfertilizer then more production. There was also the relation of mutual cooperation between P and K. When the concentration of K fertilizer exceeded 400mg/L, minituber yield increased sharply. N feritlizer and P fertilizer had a negative interaction to the rise of mono-tuber weight. The optinal combining fertilization of N and P had advantagous to the rise of mono-tuber weitht. Overmuch P fertilizer had a side effect on the growth of minituber when N was in a certain concentration. Considering the yield of the minituber, the combinations of N,P,K were optimized as followed: N:274.23mg/L, P:59.94 mg/L,更多还原