【作者】 董静洲；

【导师】 易自力； 蒋建雄；

【作者基本信息】 湖南农业大学 ， 植物学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 盾叶薯蓣(Dioscorea zingiberensis Wright,俗名黄姜)是一种重要的药源植物,其主要有效成分薯蓣皂甙元是合成避孕药等甾体激素类药物的起始原料,用途极为广泛。但由于过度采挖,盾叶薯蓣野生资源已面临枯竭。人工栽培盾叶薯蓣已成为该产业的主要原材料来源。但是存在诸多问题如:目前的人工栽培是将盾叶薯蓣皂素含量和单株产量差异很大的不同居群混合栽培,致使整体产量和皂素含量很难提高;长期的人工栽培导致种质退化,皂素含量迅速下降,价格也迅速下跌。针对这些存在的问题,本论文在收集整理盾叶薯蓣种质资源的基础上以居群皂素含量和单株产量为主要标准,进行了优良种质筛选、一些宏观性状与皂素含量和单株综合经济指数的相关性研究以及四倍体盾叶薯蓣快速繁殖与综合经济性状的分析等几方面的研究。 (一) 盾叶薯蓣中甾体皂甙元的测定步骤烦琐,一直是盾叶薯蓣产业中的难题,尤其在研究人员测定大批盾叶薯蓣实验材料和皂素厂家在盾叶薯蓣收购旺季时传统的测定方法给测定工作带来很多不便。本文在改进传统测定方法的基础上,建立了一套快速准确的薯蓣皂甙元测定方法。本法提取皂甙元时采用微量样品(0.1g)以氯仿作溶剂辅以超声波浸提代替传统的回流抽提法,以Liebemann-Barcharad试剂显色用分光光度法测定。测定结果与传统测定方法没有显著性差异,且效率高、成本低、步骤简单,可在较短的时间内测定大批样品。 (二) 本研究通过对盾叶薯蓣样品进行单株产量和皂素含量这两个重要性状与叶面积、叶斑型、根状茎的含水量、性别等性状的相关性进行了分析。发现大叶型和小叶型单株的综合经济指数显著较高,分别为7.94和7.23而中叶型仅为4.00;其他几个性状与皂素含量和综合经济指数没有显著的相关性。 (三) 对四倍体盾叶薯蓣和二倍体盾叶薯蓣进行了单株产量、薯蓣皂甙元含量、芽头数等方面的比较研究。结果:四倍体盾叶薯蓣综合经济指数为20.35,其亲本的二倍体实生苗和二倍体无性繁殖苗的综合经济指数分别为33.45和7.38。四倍体盾叶薯蓣虽然有一定的优良特性,但是栽培特性差,因而在生产中不可盲目地推广四倍体盾叶薯蓣。二倍体实生苗的综合经济指数和皂素含量显著较高,通过实生繁殖优良品种是一条较理想的途径。 (四) 因为四倍体盾叶薯蓣仍然具有一定的优良种质,本论文在四倍体盾叶薯蓣和其二倍体亲本对比的基础上,研究了四倍体盾叶薯蓣快速繁殖的特异之处:以改良更多还原

【Abstract】 Dioscorea zingiberensis Wright is an important kind of medicinal plant, whose main secondary metabolite , dioscorea , is the beginning material for homne medicines synthesis such as condom which is widely used in medicine production. D. zingiberensis Wright is now most widely used in the industry for its highest content of of dioscorea on the average of 2.5%. So it has become the first choice of raw material for homne medicines synthesis. But, because of excessive exploitation of the wild resources , natural Dioscorea zingiberensis Wright is on the edge of extinction; So cultivated Dioscorea zingiberensis Wright has been in large scales taken the only raw material for Dioscorea zingiberensis Wright industry. However, there still remains many troubling problems such as blindly mixed cultivation of geographically widely distributed Dioscorea zingiberensis Wright plants which have different subspeices or forms and vary distinctly in dioscorea contents and other traits and the many-years-growth-produced germ plasm involution which leads consequent problems as low dioscorea contents 、 poor total production and accordingly low prices for farmers.In order to find ways to solve these existing problems , this thesis made researches on screening of fine quality subspieces or forms、 relationship between eyeable characters and high dioscorea content or integral economic indexes 、rapid propagation of tetraploid Dioscorea zingiberensis Wright and its germplasm as follows :(1) In related researches 、 production and purchasing , the traditional ways of determination of dioscorea content are the main block which is of low efficiency and of high cost and puts too many trubles such as being unable to make determination of dioscorea content in large scales of Dioscorea zingiberensis Wright smaples and make it impossible to obtain objective scientific results in the industry of Dioscorea zingiberensis Wright. This thesis made improvement on the traditional determination methods and set up a new method of determination in which diosgenin is separated through micro-extraction with chloroform assisted with ultrasonic treatment instead of through circumfluence and then oxidized by Liebemann-Barcharad reagent and finally determined with a spectrometer. This method was proved to be simple 、 accurate、 low-cost and highly efficient.更多还原