【作者】 毛致伟；

【导师】 沈万斌；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 环境科学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 本文对国内外地表水环境管理模型研究现状进行了较系统论述,地表水环境优化管理模型已成为地表水环境科学管理的有效工具。当前,我国工业点源污染已经得到了较好控制,但生活污染源和非点源污染日益严重,非点源污染尤以规模化禽畜养殖废物污染最严重,控制非点源污染,科学管理地表水环境尤为必要。本文运用线性系统理论,建立了地表水环境优化管理模型,在模型中用输入响应模型将点源污染和非点源污染耦合在一个统一的水环境优化管理模型中,其目的是寻求科学的方法和手段解决地表水污染问题,保护地表水环境,实现地表水资源的可持续利用。论文详细探讨了地表水环境优化管理模型的建模方法和步骤,成功地将线性规划模型用于解决地表水环境管理问题,不但简化了问题的求解难度和过程,也使统筹管理地表水点源和非点源污染成为可能。该模型较以往的水质管理模型在研究内容和方法上有所扩充和提高。所建模型用于解决吉林省第二松花江吉林市段地表水环境管理问题,获得了理想的优化结果和管理方案。更多还原

【Abstract】 For a long time, our country is a country taking agriculture as mainindustry, industrial production is undeveloped, and the scale is relativelysmall. But in near these decades, problem of water environmental pollutioncaused by such issues as the economic development, population growth, etc.has already caused people’s attention. Shortage of source of water and waterenvironmental pollution has already influenced national economy seriouslyand people’s normal life. The environmental problem of water that ourcountry faces reflects in several following respects mainly: Firstly, the waterresource is deficient; Secondly, the water pollution problem is serious;Thirdly, water resource requirement structure is unreasonable, the utilizationratio is low, it is serious to waste; Fourthly, the facilities of sewage treatmentshortage, lack water environment science management. On the whole theenvironmental state of water of our country still presents the trend worsenedday by day; the outstanding environmental question of water is calling thewater environmental management with effective science. Prevention andcontrol of water pollution and water environmental management of ourcountry fail to meet demand of the serious water pollution state and thesevere pollution situation of prevention and control at present. How manageour country rare water resource well, finish water pollution controlconscientiously scientific, improve water environmental quality, improvethe bearing capacity of the water resource further, ensure the sustainabledevelopment of social economy with the sustainable utilization of the waterresource, put the subject needing to be solved urgently in front of us.This paper discover, in all water environmental pollution problem ownto become whom our country face main and at the same time most urgentink environmental problem that solve water have among the environmentalproblem. Trace it to its cause, with of our country fast growth of economymainly, point source pollution and non-point pollution is it is it lead to thefact to aggravate constantly to pollute. In point source pollution, a series ofimplementation of restrain policy and law that industrial waste waterdischarge in our country, not only make the emission of the industrial wastewater obviously reduce but also make its discharge rate up to standardpresent the improvement by a relatively large margin, make the discharge ofthe industrial waste water get better control. But because population’s fastincrease and constant improvement of people’s living standard, cause theemission of sanitary sewage by the net increment of 1.0×109t year by year.By 1999, national sanitary sewage emission reach 2.03×1010t, exceedindustrial sewage discharge total amount for the first time. But meanwhile,the handling rate of the sanitary sewage is still very low, cause a largenumber of sanitary sewage to enter water environment directly, causeserious pollution. So though the industrial sewage has got betteradministration, the pollution of the sanitary sewage is more and moreserious, so the administration of some source pollution still shoulders heavyresponsibilities. In non-point pollution, because of our country fastdevelopment of animal husbandry, chemical fertilizer and agriculturechemical use in a large amount, cause non-point pollution more and moreserious, to control non-point pollution become we future focal point thatwork.Find through the investigation of the situation in Jilin city, the fastdevelopment because of the animal husbandry of Jilin city in recent years, italready becomes most serious non-point pollution sources of this areapollution that the animal husbandry. In 2002, Jilin city the animalhusbandry’s producing amount of excrement and urine has already up to1,308,870,000t, CODcr producing amount is up to 507752.3t, the number ofdropouts of CODcr is up to 152325.7t. A large number of birds domesticanimal’s excrement is not dealt with piling up at the same time reach inwater environment through the rainfall surface flow loss, cause extremelyserious pollution. Pollution that animal husbandry leads to the fact hasbecome primary problem of non-point pollution control in Jilin City.Foundation that studies of water resource management and surfacewater quality model and surface water quality management of domestic andinternational, this paper produce surface water environmental managementcan come conclusion that realize through surface water environmentalmanagement model. The purpose of environmental management of surfacewater is to confirm the sewage realizing the goal of water environmentalmanagement allows the emission or allows discharging the density. To theriver that is already polluted, the task of environmental management ofsurface water is to try to confirm reducing displacement or handling rate ofevery pollution sources, in order to reach the water environmental standardto stipulate within fixed time.Discover through the investigation, point sources pollution has alreadybeen controlled and managed well at present, but it is outstandingday-by-day t the surface water pollution question caused by non-pointsources pollution. In some places, non-point sources pollution even exceedspoint sources pollution. In JiLin city stockbreeding already become the mostserious pollution source in non-point sources pollution, because animalhusbandry fast develop in recent years. Stockbreeding’s producing amountof excrement and urine in JiLin city has already been up to 1308.87t in 2002,a large number of stockbreeding’s excrement is not dealt with piling up atrandom, reach in water environment through the rainfall surface flow loss, itcauses to be extremely serious pollution, animal husbandry is it becomesome primary problems controlled in non-point sources pollution.On this basis, according to the linear systematic theory, this paper hasset up the environmental optimum management model of surface water. Itspurpose is to seek to solve the environmental problem of surface water inscientific method and means, realize sustainable development. Have provedthe modeling method and step of the environmental optimum managementmodel of surface water in detail in the article, will apply to solve the modelthe environmental problem of management of surface water in Jilin reachesof the second Songhua River, have obtained the comparatively ideal result.According to the linear system theory and that the surface waterenvironmental systems can be converted into the linear systems, the inputresponse models are adopted to combine point sources pollution andnon-point sources pollution into one integral water environmentalmanagement model. Furthermore, Method and step that river attenuationmodel set up input and respond model are put forward. Finally the linearprogramming model is adopted successfully to solve the multi-objectivemanagement problems for the surface water environments, which cansimplify the solution of the problems and make it possible to optimize pointsources pollution and non-point sources pollution in one optical model. Theexisting water quality management models present have been somewhatimproved and expanded both in theory and methodology by the developed更多还原