【作者】 李会彬；

【导师】 边秀举；

【作者基本信息】 河北农业大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 鉴于我国现有的野牛草均为早期引入,品种单一且坪用性状较差,缺乏培育新品种的优良种质资源及合理养护措施研究,加之人们对野牛草的关注和草坪质量要求逐渐上升,笔者于2004—2005年度在河北农业大学教学基地进行了2项试验研究:以国外近年来培育出的6个野牛草新品种Cody、SharpShooter、Texoka、Tatanka、Bison和Bowie为供试材料,在田间条件下对其在华北地区的生态适应性及坪用性状进行评价;从上述6个品种中选择Cody和SharpShooter为供试材料,在盆栽条件下研究了不同氮磷配比对野牛草生长发育、养分吸收特征及草坪质量的影响。主要结论如下: 1.供试的6个野牛草品种在生长特性方面存在显著不同(P<0.05)。品种间幼苗活力大小顺序为:Texoka>Cody>Bowie>SharpShooter>Bison>Tatanka;在杂草影响不严重的情况下,品种Texoka、Cody和Bowie的成坪时间(12周)要比其它3个品种少1周;品种间不同时期和全年草屑积累量显著不同,品种Texoka的草屑积累量始终最多,而品种Tatanka的草屑积累量始终最少,全年草屑积累量从多到少顺序为:Texoka>Cody>Bison>Bowie>SharpShooter>Tatanka,说明品种Texoka、Cody和Bison具有较强的垂直生长特性;所有供试品种的生长速率在8月中下旬期间均有小幅上升趋势,说明野牛草在整个生长季可能存在2个生长高峰。 2.供试品种的草坪质量和抗病性差异显著。品种Texoka、Bison、Cody的秋季色泽较好,但品种Texoka、Bison的密度、质地和均一性较差;品种Tatanka、SharpShooter整个生长季密度、质地和均一性最好,但秋季色泽较差:由于品种Cody具有较高的密度和较好的秋季色泽,因此其秋季草坪质量总分最高。从中可以得出品种Tatanka、SharpShooter、Cody、Bowie具有较强的蔓延性,匍匐生长迅速。品种抗病性只在生长季后期显著不同,品种Cody、SharpShooter、Texoka、Bison的抗病性较强,而品种Tatanka的抗病性最差。 3.供试品种在入冬前匍匐茎淀粉含量没有显著不同,但可溶性糖含量差异显著,品种Cody的匍匐茎可溶性糖含量最高,而品种SharpShooter最低;品种间绿色期显著不同,品种Texoka、Bison的绿色期较长,而品种Tatanka、SharpShooter的绿色期最短。经综合分析初步得出,品种间抗寒性由大到小顺序为:Texoka=Bison=Cody>Bowie>Tatanka=SharpShooter。 4.在一定时期内,野牛草生长量、叶绿素及组织养分含量随氮素用量的增加而显著升高,但不受磷素用量的影响。组织中养分浓度和整个生长季随草屑带走的养分量大小顺序均依次为:氮>钾>磷,且处理间差异显著,中高氮素用量的处理养分浓度和带出量显著大于对照和低氮处理。 5.施肥明显改善了野牛草草坪色泽,提高了草坪密度和质量,但7月中旬施肥对于草坪的秋季色泽和绿色期影响不大。更多还原

【Abstract】 In our country, existent buffalograss genotypes are older and single with bad turf-characteristics because of lack of breeding and maintenance research. Therefore, two experiments were conducted in The Teaching and Demonstration Farm of Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, during 2004-2005. In one of experiments, with recently six buffalograss cultivars, namely "Cody", "Sharpshooter", "Texoka", "Tatanka", "Bison" and "Bowie", as experimental materials in field, ecological adaptability and turf-characteristics were evaluated. In another experiment, with buffalograss cultivars "Cody" and "SharpShooter" as potted plant experiment materials, the effects of different nitrogen and phosphorus rate on the development, characteristics of nutrient requirement and turf quality were studied. The main results summarized as follows.1. The growing characteristics were significantly different among the cultivars (P<0.05). The seedling vigor of cultivars from good to bad as followed: Texoka > Cody > Bowie > SharpShooter > Bison > Tatanka. When the weed level is not serious, the complete coverage of Texoka, Cody and Bowie occurred one week sooner than SharpShooter, Bison and Tatanka. The clipping yield was significantly different among cultivars, which of Texoka and Tatanka was the most and the least respectively. In the procreate period, the clipping yield of cultivars from the most to the least as followed: Texoka > Cody > Bison > Bowie > SharpShooter > Tatanka, so Texoka, Cody and Bison exhibited higher growth habit. Buffalograss may have two fast growth period in its procreate period because the growth rate of all cultivars in mid and late August exhibited a slightly ascending tendency.2. The turf quality and diseases resistance were significantly different among the cultivars. Texoka, Bison and Cody exhibited better fall color, but density, texture and uniformity of Texoka and Bison were bad. Tatanka and SharpShooter exhibited the best density, texture and uniformity, but their fall color was also the worst. Cody exhibited better density and fall color, therefore its turf quality was the best in fall. The results demonstrated that Tatanka, SharpShooter, Cody and Bowie exhibited better extending capacity and creepy habit. The diseases resistance was only significantly different in the late-growing season. Cody, SharpShooter, Texoka and Bison exhibited better diseases resistance. The diseases resistance of Tatanka was the poorest.更多还原