【作者】 王艳群；

【导师】 薛世川；

【作者基本信息】 河北农业大学 ， 植物营养学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 设施农业在我国的迅速发展,对促进农业产业结构调整和提高城乡人民生活水平发挥了重大作用。但由于菜农重产量、轻品质、忽视施肥对土壤环境的消极影响,导致长期盲目大量施肥,破坏了设施农田的土壤生态环境,由此带来的作物抗病能力降低、产量、品质下降等问题已引起社会各界的极大关注,采用何种措施解决这一问题事关农业设施的持续利用和国民身心健康。本文采用盆栽、土培、田间以及田间模拟试验相结合的方法,系统地研究了平衡施肥、工程措施、秸秆和风化煤等综合措施对设施农田土壤环境、肥力以及作物产量、品质的影响。试验结果表明:①施用小麦秸秆能显著提高土壤有机质含量,风化煤和秸秆配施处理,土壤有机质与秸秆用量间的回归方程为:Y=0.23X+18.30（r=0.98407^*）;单施秸秆处理,土壤有机质和秸秆用量问的回归方程为:Y=0.1963X+18.05(r=0.99267^**);风化煤与秸秆配施比单施秸秆显著增加土壤有机质。②小麦秸秆能明显提高土壤总腐殖酸含量,单施秸秆处理比对照1（未施肥处理）增加了21.94%～74.92%,与对照2（羊粪+秸秆）相比增加了1.42%～45.21%;风化煤与秸秆配施的处理比对照1增加了23.54%～31.96%,比对照2增加了2.63%～92.70%;秸秆用量为16g/pot时,土壤总腐殖酸含量达最大,风化煤与秸秆配施处理中腐殖酸含量最大为0.74%,单施秸秆的处理中为0.56%;风化煤与秸秆配施比单施秸秆明显提高土壤总腐殖酸含量。③平衡施肥能减少土壤养分累积,显著降低土壤盐分,提高土壤有机质,调节土壤pH值,协调大量元素和微量元素比例,促进土壤养分的活化,刺激作物对养分的吸收、提高了产量、显著改善了品质。④工程措施能显著降低土壤养分累积和土壤盐分含量,提高了土壤有机质含量,改善了土壤环境,提高了作物产量与品质。⑤施用风化煤能显著降低土壤盐渍化程度,促进土壤养分释放,活化土壤微量元素,显著提高了土壤有机质含量,刺激作物对N、P、K养分的吸收,提高作物产量,增加植株中Vc、可溶性糖含量,降低硝酸盐和有机酸的含量。⑥取自8个地点的土壤,单独施用风化煤能显著增加茼蒿的干重、鲜重,促进了茼蒿对土壤养分的吸收,显著提高了植株中氮、磷、钾的累积量,对土壤养分起到了增效作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 The rapid development of facility agriculture in China plays a great role to promote agricultural industrial structure adjustment and improve living standards of the people in urban and rural areas. But farmers attach importance to yield and neglect quality and negative influence of fertilizer, which has led up to applying fertilizer blindly in a large amount for a long time and destroying of the soil ecological environment in the facility farmland. Then some problems, such as the reducing of the crops’ resistance against diseases and the dropping of yield and quality have already aroused great concern from various circles of society. Adopting what kinds of measures to solve those problems concerns agricultural lasting development and the health of people’ body and mind.In the thesis, the study was conducted to determine the effects of balancing fertilizer, engineering measures, straw and weathered coal on soil environment, soil fertility, yield and quality of crop in the facility farmland .The pot test, soil test, field experiment and simulated field test were used.The results showed as follows: (1)There was a significant simple relationship between the content of soil organic matter and the wheat straw. The relevant equation in treatments (weathered coal+Straw) was dealt with: Y= 0.23X+18.30 (r = 0.98407*); the relevant equation in the treatments (straw) was dealt with:Y=0.1963X+18.05(r=0.99267**). The soil organic matter in the treatments (weathered coal+Straw) was higher than that in the treatments (straw) correspondingly. (2)The using of wheat straw can increase the total humic acid of the soil . The content of total humic acid in the treatments(weathered coal + Straw) was increased by 23.54%~131.96% than CK1(No fertilizer ), but increased by 2.63%~92.70% than CK2(Sheep dejecta+Carbamide); The content of total humic acid in the treatments (straw) was increased by 21.94%~74.92% than CK1, but increased by 1.42%~45.21% than CK2. The total humic acid gets highest when straw consumption at the 16g/pot, were 0.740% and 0.558% correspondingly. The content of total humic acid in the treatments (weathered coal + Straw) was more than that in the treatments (straw). (3) Balanced fertilization can decrease the soil nutrient accumulation obviously; reduce the soil salt significantly; raise the organic content of soil; regulate soil pH; coordinate the proportion between macronutrient elements and trace elements; promote the activation of soil nutrient; stimulate crops to absorb nutrition, and improve the output and quality of the更多还原