【作者】 徐扩；

【导师】 董金皋； 张金林；

【作者基本信息】 河北农业大学 ， 植物病理学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 环境和谐型绿色农药成为当代农药发展的必然趋势,从天然化合物中筛选农药活性物质或农药先导化合物是绿色农药研发的重要途径之一。本研究以能够引起番茄灰霉病的灰葡萄孢(Botrytis cinerea Pers.)的一个菌株BC-4为试材,对灰葡萄孢代谢产物中的除草活性物质进行了纯化和结构研究,结果如下: ①灰葡萄孢BC-4菌株在距离30W的紫外灯下30cm处照射60min可发生变异,通过单孢子分离得到36个菌株,其生长情况和产生有除草作用代谢物的水平不同,其中以菌株7-3产生的代谢产物除草效果最佳。通过对菌株7-3产生除草代谢产物条件的摸索,发现在改良PD液体培养基,初始pH值为4.0,黑暗静止的培养条件下,18～28℃程序升温培养18d就可以达到除草代谢物质的产生高峰。 ②将菌株7-3的培养滤液经过冷冻干燥,溶媒萃取,不同溶剂转溶等手段,提取出了具有一定选择性除草作用的组分,对稗草、狗尾草、虎尾草、牛筋草、播娘蒿、荠菜、拟南芥菜活性较强,致死率达80%,对反枝苋、马齿苋、藜作用一般,致死率在40%左右;活性组分可以在番茄、黄瓜、高粱植株的叶片上产生大面积的枯斑,而对小麦、玉米、棉花基本无危害作用。 ③通过TLC、CC及HPLC等方法将有除草作用的组分进一步分离,发现其中还至少含有5个不同的有紫外吸收的组分,经过LC制备,得到一个纯度达99.38%,除草作用较强的纯组分。经过UV-VIS、IR及NMR等方法对有除草活性的纯组分进行分析,鉴定其化学结构为10-顺-二氢化灰霉二醛。 ④以马唐为除草活性测定对象,发现10-顺-二氢化灰霉二醛的除草作用对热相对稳定,80℃水浴6h除草活性不会下降,其除草活性受光激活,黑暗条件下除草作用不强,将10-顺-二氢化灰霉二醛制成水剂、水悬剂和水乳剂,茎叶处理发现水剂的相对除草效果最优,在100mg/L的浓度下使马唐的死亡率达94.7%。更多还原

【Abstract】 It is well known that the compatible green pesticide with environment has been the inevitable direction of the development of pesticide formulation in the contemporary era, it is one of the important approach on research green pesticide that screen active pesticide substances or chemoinformatics in millions of crude compounds. The fungi Botrytis cinerea is a known pathogen of tomato gray mould, an isolate of B. cinerea metabolites was used to research as green pesticide in this paper.(1)BC-4 isolate of B. cinerea had been mutated by 30W ultraviolet lamp illuminating for 60min away from 30cm, and isolate 7-3 was selected from 36 mutative single-spore strains. The concentration of weeding activity metabolites in it’s cultured filtrate was the highest. The better condition to produce high active metabolites from culture filtrate of isolate 7-3 was constructed based on the results of bioassay and HPLC analysis. That include inoculating isolate 7-3 into modified PD liquid media of initial pH 4.0, and culturing 18 days under dark and static in the procedure of rise temperature from 18℃ to 28 ℃.(2)An active herbicide ingredient was obtained from culture filtrate of isolate 7-3 by freeze drying, extracting and dissolution in different solvent and so on. Bioassay results indicated that the ingredient has selective activity on different weeds but safety to cereal crops. The inhibitions to weeds Echinochloa crusgalli, Setaria viridis, Chloris virgata, Eleusine indica, Descurainia sophia, Capsella bursapastoris, Arabidopsis thaliana were higher than Amaranthus retroflexus, Portulaca oleracea, Chenopodium album. The death percentage of the fomer is above 80% but the later is approximate 40%. The ingredient can also produce big acreage necrosis spot in leaves of tomato, cucumber and jowar, but no effect on wheat, maize and cotton. Thus, the ingredient may contain some herbicidal components.(3)Five different ultraviolet absorption components were isolated from the ingredient of cultured filtrate of isolate 7-3 by TLC, CC and HPLC. Of the five components, one更多还原