【作者】 王晓蕊；

【导师】 赵建成；

【作者基本信息】 河北师范大学 ， 植物学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 本文主要根据采自河北省的丛藓科植物标本,在查阅大量文献的基础上,以经典植物分类学方法为主,同时结合叶细胞形态学和孢子、孢蒴形态学的实验研究,参考植物形态学、解剖学、孢粉学、植物细胞分类学、植物地理学和分支系统学等方面的资料,对河北省产的丛藓科植物进行了系统的分类研究和修订。 本研究共查阅河北师范大学植物标本馆(HBNU)和中国科学院植物研究所国家标本馆(PE)1800余份河北产丛藓科植物标本,对河北省丛藓科植物进行分类学研究,共记录河北省产20属,68种,8变种。本论文根据查阅的标本描述和记录了每种的形态特征、生态习性及地理分布范围,在显微镜下绘出了每种的形态解剖图。本研究共发现中国新记录种1种:残尖对齿藓(新拟)Didymodon hedysariformis T.Otn.;河北新记录属3属:流苏藓属Crossidium、盐土属Pterygoneurum和凹叶藓属Hilpertia:河北新记录种10种:石灰藓Barbula ehrenbergii(Lor.)Fleisch.,细叶石灰藓Barbula gracilenta Mitt.,四川湿地藓Hyophila setschwanica(Broth.)Hilp ex Chen,芽胞链齿藓Syntrichia gemmascens(chen)Zand.,毛尖凹叶藓Hilpertia scotteri(Zand.&Steere)Zand.,粗疣链齿藓Tortula raucopapillosa(X.J.Li)Zand.,深绿墙藓Tortula atrovirens(Sm.)Lindb.,灰白墙藓Tortula leucostoma(R.Brown)Hook.et Grev.,盐土藓Pterygoneurum subsessile(Brid.)Jur.,流苏藓Crossidium squamiferum(Viv.)Jur.等。 在光学显微镜(LM)和扫描电镜(SEM)下对河北省丛藓科17属72种植物的叶细胞形态的超微结构特征进行了观察。结果表明,丛藓科植物叶上部细胞形状多为方形、圆方形或多角圆形:细胞直径平均值多在13～30μm之间;多数细胞壁上具疣。总体上看,丛藓科植物叶上部细胞疣形态可分为三类:(1)细胞无疣或具乳头突。属于这一类型的有湿地藓属、反扭藓属、小墙藓属、凹叶藓属及扭口藓属的一些种;(2)LM下为圆疣,SEM下为单一的半球形。属于这一类型的有丛本藓属、对齿藓属、净口藓属、立膜藓属、大丛藓属和拟合睫藓属;(3)LM下为马蹄形、工形、哑铃形、新月形及不规则形,在SEM下为二叉或多叉分枝的棒状、短棒状、槌状或短槌状。属于这一类型的有红叶藓属、赤藓属、纽藓属、墙藓属、毛口藓属、小石藓属和扭口藓属的部分种。 在LM和SEM下对河北省丛藓科13属28种植物的孢蒴、蒴齿和孢子的形态及孢子和蒴齿的超微结构作了观察。SEM观察结果显示,孢子人都为球形或近球形,纹饰一般呈规则或不规则的疣状、瘤状或槌状;区别在于孢子的大小,疣、瘤或槌的大小,密度及二级或三级纹饰的差异。孢蒴多为卵形至卵圆柱形,直立,只有反扭藓和无疣墙藓孢蒴稍弯曲。蒴齿单层,披针形至线形:除反扭藓属稍右旋外,通常左旋;具节或横脊,密被疣。 查阅和整理河北省丛藓科植物研究的资料和本人研究所得数据,运用分支系统学原理及方法,对本科植物的形态性状进行分析,确定极性,以属为基本单元,选择缩叶藓属Polytrichum、美姿藓属Timmia、金发藓属Ptychomitium、大帽藓属Encalypta及紫萼藓属Grimmia等5个非丛藓科的属作为外类群,采用PAUP软件,对本研究选定的64个性状数据作分支分析,得到河北省丛藓科的系统发育树状图,修订河北省丛藓科分类系统,在丛藓科下设5个亚科,20个属,68种,8变种。更多还原

【Abstract】 More than 1800 specimens of Pottiaceae of Hebei Province from two herbaria (HBNU, PE) have been examined. The author have studied the taxon of the family with the mathods of classical classification. The cladistic principles and methods have been employed in this study. According as the conception and taxonomic system of Zander (1993) about Pottiaceae, 5 subfamilies, 20 genera, 68 species and 8 varieties of the family are considered to be taxonomically recognizable entitles in Hebei Province. Description, figure and distribution are given to every species. Keys to the subfamilys, genera and species of this family in Hebei are provided. 1 species (Didymodon hedysariformis T. Otn.) is recorded new to China. 3 genera, Crossidium, Pterygoneurum and Hilpertia, and 10 species, Barbula ehrenbergii (Lor.) Fleisch., Barbula gracilenta Mitt., Hyophila setschwanica (Broth.) Hilp ex Chen, Syntrichia gemmascens (Chen) Zand., Hilpertia scotteri (Zand. & Steere) Zand., Tortula raucopapillosa (X. J. Li) Zand., Tortula atrovirens (Sm.) Lindb., Tortula leucostoma (R. Brown) Hook, et Grev., Pterygoneurum subsessile (Brid.) Jur. and Crossidium squamiferum (Viv.) Jur. are newly recorded to Hebei Province.The upper laminal cells of 72 species of Pottiaceae in Hebei province have been observed under light microscope (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that there is highly comparability among species and genera of Pottiaceae at the shape, size and verrucosity of upper laminal cells. Under LM and SEM the verruga of cells shows some variation among the species and three types have been observed, i.e. (1) smooth or bulging ventrally and nearly flat dorsally, (2) round under LM, simple and half-balled under SEM and (3) lunular, dumbbell-shape or irregular shape under LM, bifid or multifid under SEM. Hyophila, Timmiella, Weisiopsis, Hilpertia and some species of Barbula have the type 1. The type 2 was found to coour in Anoectanigium, Didymodon, Gymnostomum, Hymenostylium, Molendoa and Pseudosymblepharis. The yrpe 3 occurring in Bryoerythrophyllum, Syntrichia, Tortella, Tortula, Trichostomum, Weissia and some species of Barbula.The capsules, peristome and spores of 28 species of Pottiaceae in Hebei province have been observed under LM and SEM. The results indicate that most spores are spheric or spheroidic, surface are covered with regularly or irregularly, small, verrucous, virgulate or pestle-like elements. Capsules are ovoid, ovoid-cylindric or cylindric, erect except for Timmiella anomala and Tortula mucronifolia with somewhat arcuate capsules. Peristome is haploperistomous, lancedate to linear, verrucous, sinistrorse except for Timmiella with peristome dextral weakly.With data obtained from the former research and personal observation, the cladistic principles and methods have been employed in this study. The morphological characters have been polarized for phylogenetic analysis. Cladograms have been gotten with five none-Pottiaceae genera: Polytrichum, Timmia, Ptychomitium, Encalypta and Grimmia as outgroup. As a result, a new system of the family Pottiaceae in Hebei province has been reconstructed.Based on the statistic and analysis of Pottiaceae, 3 dominant genera (over and including 8 species) consist of 34 species. This figure represents about 44.73% of the Pottiaceae flora from Hebei province.更多还原