【作者】 孟娜；

【导师】 周守标；

【作者基本信息】 安徽师范大学 ， 植物学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 本文首先综述了涉及安徽有资源分布的大戟属(Euphorbia)植物的研究进展,主要包括植物化学、生药学等方面的研究;然后从抑菌活性、ITS序列和微形态学三个方面重点对安徽产6 种大戟属植物,即大戟(E.pekinensis) 、月腺大戟(E.ebracteolata) 、乳浆大戟(E.esula) 、泽漆(E.helioscopia)、地锦(E.humifusa)、斑地锦(E.supina)进行了研究,结果如下: 1.通过安徽6 种大戟属植物对5 种植物病原菌,即小麦赤霉病菌(Gibberella zeae)、油菜菌核病菌(Sclerotinia scleotiorum)、棉花黄萎病菌(Verticillium dahliae)、苹果炭疽病菌(Glomerella cingulata)、甜瓜蔓枯病菌(Mycosphaerella melonis)的相对抑制率的测定,结果表明:6 种植物对5 种植物病原菌皆有抑制作用,其中,大戟和月腺大戟根部活性突出,其相对抑制率高于60%,尤其月腺大戟根部含有较强的抑菌活性成分。2.通过对安徽6 种大戟属植物nrDNA 的ITS 序列测定分析,结果表明:6 种植物ITS 序列有差异,ITS1 序列长度范围为255-264bp,ITS2序列长度范围为214-236bp。ITS1 的G+C 含量在51-64%,ITS2 的G+C 含量在56-68%,大戟、月腺大戟与乳浆大戟具有98%的支持率而聚为一支,而地锦和斑地锦具有100%的强支持率而聚为另一支,研究表明nrDNA 的ITS 序列适合于大戟属内种间的系统发育研究,可为建立更为客观的自然分类系统提供了有力的DNA 证据。3.通过对安徽6 种大戟属植物叶片解剖、叶表皮光镜和扫描电镜微形态方面的特征研究,结果表明:该属的6 种植物在叶片内部结构和叶表皮结构上均存在较大差异。因此,结合叶外部形态特征,从表皮细胞形状、大小和排列及角质膜厚度,气孔器类型、分布、多少及位置等诸方面的特性,可以作为这6 种植物分类的重要依据。上述研究,旨在为探讨大戟属植物的系统演化关系提供分子和微形态学证据,同时,为大戟属植物的生药鉴定和生物农药的开发提供实验证据。更多还原

【Abstract】 The progress of researches was summarized in Euphorbia which mainly involved plant chemistry and pharmacognosy and so on. The paper had studied six species of Euphorbia in Anhui province and the results were as following: Firstly, The antifungal activities of six species acetone extracts were tested with Gibberella zeae、Sclerotinia scleotiorum、Verticillium dahliae、Glomerella cingulata、Mycosphaerella melonis. The results showed that six species extracts had strong antifungal activities. They were worth making further research,especially, roots of E.pekinensis and E.ebracteolata had more than 60% inhibiting rates against the hypha growth, and the latter had relatively stronger fungistasis. Secondly, By determining ITS sequences of five species, the result showed that: 1) the sequences of ITS1 ranged from 255bp to 264bp and those of ITS2 from 214bp to 236bp; 2) G+C content of ITS1 varied from 51% to 64% and that of ITS2 from 56% to 68%; 3) the five species was divided into two clades with the one including E.pekinensis, E.ebracteolata and E.esula whose bootstrap value was 98%, and the other including E.humifusa and E.supine which strongly supported by the bootstrap value of 100%; 4) ITS sequences may be useful for resolving phylogenetic relationships among species. Thirdly, By using paraffin sectioning to study the structure of leaf blades and investigating the leaf epidermis under light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the results showed that the structure of leaf blades and the characters of leaf epidermis were different among species. Therefore, all of the differences in the shape, size and array of epidermal cells, epidermal hair, the distributive position and number of stomatal apparatus, outer stomatalledge, inner margin of outer stomatal ledge, cuticular membrane can be regarded as the proof to differentiate Euphorbia . The purpose of above researches was to provide the molecular and micromorphological evidences for phylogenetic relationships, biology pesticide and distinguish the species from Euphorbia in Anhui.更多还原