【作者】 佘世科；

【导师】 周运友；

【作者基本信息】 安徽师范大学 ， 分析化学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 面对浩若烟海的分析化学任务,研究和开发新的光学探针十分迫切;另一方面高分子纳米材料经由于面积激增,粒子上的官能团密度和选择性吸附能力变大,达到吸附平衡的时间大大缩短,粒子的胶体稳定性显著提高,所以将高分子纳米材料引入分析领域势必有其优越性。本论文基于聚乙烯醇这一水溶性高分子,在超声辐射下,通过氧化和降解反应,一步直接制备出带有大量功能基团的β–二酮型纳米粒子。以红外光谱、荧光光谱、共振光散射光谱和透射电子显微镜对纳米粒子进行了表征和性质研究,并将此纳米粒子成功用于分析化学领域。全文共分五章。第一章首先对纳米科技和纳米粒子在分子化学中应用作了介绍,然后对近期高分子纳米材料的研究进展和制备方法作了简单综述,最后提出论文设想。第二章介绍了在超声辐射下,一步制得的β–二酮型高分子纳米粒子的实验方法并对其进行了表征和荧光性能研究,通过荧光法研究了实验方法一制备的PVAK 纳米粒子与Cr（VI）的作用,建立了一种新的选择性测定Cr（VI）荧光法。第三章用透射电镜（TEM）和共振光散射方法（RLS）,研究了实验方法二制备的PVAK 纳米粒子与蛋白质的相互作用,建立了灵敏的共振光散射测定蛋白质的方法,探讨了其作用机理,并提出了合理的解释。第四章在超声辐射下,一步制得与Zn²⁺或Cu²⁺形成配位体的纳米尺寸的复合高分子微球,并分别研究了这两种纳米粒子与核酸的相互作用,建立了灵敏的共振光散射测定核酸的方法。第五章小结了本论文制备的纳米粒子的特性,并展望了将要进行的研究工作。更多还原

【Abstract】 It is exigent to research and develop novel optical probes. In addition, owing to the high functional groups of macromolecular nanomaterials, the selective adsorption capability is enhanced greatly, the time needed to reach adsorption equilibrium is reduced enormously, and the colloidal stability is improved drastically. So it is advantageous and challenging to apply macromolecular nanomaterials in analytical chemistry. In this work, some kinds of functional β-diketone macromolecular nanoparticles（PVAK） have been successfully prepared in one step with oxidation and degradation under ultrasonic irradiation bases on polyvinyl alcohol（PVA）—a synthetic soluble polymer. All the nanoparticles have been characterized by IR spectra, Fluorescence spectra, RLS spectra and TEM images. And the particles have been applied in analytical field. This paper consists of five chapters. In chapter 1, the application of nanoparticles and recent progress of macromolecular nanoparticles are briefly reviewed. Then the research proposal for this work is presented. In chapter 2, firstly states the preparation methods and the study about fluorescence properties of PVAK particles. Then a novel fluorescence method is proposed for the determination of Cr（VI） based on the quenched effect of Cr（VI） on the fluorescence of PVAK that prepared with method 1. In chapter 3, using TEM images and resonance light scattering （RLS） technique, the interaction of proteins with PVAK that prepared with method 2 is investigated. And a sensitive RLS method for the determination of proteins is developed. The possible mechanism has also been studied. In chapter 4, macromolecular composite nanoparticles that complexing with Zn²⁺ or Cu²⁺ have been prepared in one step under ultrasonic irradiation. We have studied reactions between the functionalized composite nanomaterials and nucleic acids by RLS technique separately, and developed sensitive RLS methods for the determination of nucleic acids. In chapter 5, the characteristics and innovation of this work are given. And we propose the prospective research works that may be innovative.更多还原