【作者】 祝燕；

【导师】 冯大千；

【作者基本信息】 新疆农业大学 ， 园林植物与观赏园艺， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究应用LI-6200 光合仪对乌鲁木齐具代表性的19 种园林树木光合、水分生理生态指标进行测定,以19 种树木为例对树种生态习性进行评价,基于树种的生态习性,结合生态群落结构理论研究树种配置结构模式,对庭院树种配置中树种选择、种内、种间关系及配置结构模式进行分析和探讨,以期为庭院绿化建设提供科学依据。乡土树种较外来树种、乔木较灌木光能利用能力、水分利用能力强,耐旱,生态服务功能大。如1m2叶面积全年绿叶期乡土树种紫穗槐释放水分7533g,吸收CO210424g,释放O27577g,是外来树种接骨木释放水量的1.5 倍,吸收CO2 量的2.4 倍,释放O2量的2.6 倍,白柳释放水分7446g,吸收9724gCO2,释放7052gO2,同紫穗槐数值相当,但冠幅是紫穗槐的几倍甚至几十倍,整株生态服务功能远高于紫穗槐。针对改善庭院环境选夏绿阔叶树为主,同时应用花灌木、针叶树点缀。根据光、水分因子研究种内、种间关系。认为种内关系处理主要是树木栽植间距要适宜,高大乔木的间距不应小于4m,一般以6-8m为宜,小乔木间距5-7m,灌木间距3-5m;单纯树种自然式丛植,成年树可适当遮盖幼树。种间关系处理,根据树种光特性进行分层。即根据树种不同生活型分层。大概分层为:光饱和点大于等于1500μmol?m-2?s-1,光补偿点大于30μmol?m-2?s-1 的阳性树种为第一层层片; 光饱和点1000 ～1400μmol?m-2?s-1,光补偿点20～34μmol?m-2?s-1 的稍耐荫小乔木为第二层层片;光饱和点大于1100μmol?m-2?s-1,光补偿点小于17μmol?m-2?s-1的耐荫灌木为第三层层片;另外,需水量类似树种归为一类,种植在相对集中的区位;需水量差别大的树种配置在一起,最好进行地形处理。不同类树种栽植在同一平面上,要进行灌溉技术处理。把生态群落学理论与园林学科结合起来,认为乌鲁木齐实际生态承载量不适宜垂直结构复杂,一般两到三层为宜;结合不同庭院功能,体现季相变换,应用规则式、自然式、混合式不同水平配置结构模式,烘托不同庭院类型环境氛围。夏绿阔叶树、常绿针叶树比例在8:2 左右,乔灌比例在7:3 左右为宜。更多还原

【Abstract】 The photosynthetic and water characters of 19 representative garden trees were measured by using the Li-6200 photometer in Urumqi.The text took the 19 tree species as example and evaluate the ecological characters of tree species, and studied the arrangement mode of tree species, combining structure theory of ecological community with the ecological characters of tree species, then analyzed tree selection, the intraspecific and interspecific relationship, the tree arrangement mode in courtyard greenland, the science reference for arranging garden plants in Urumqi. The conclusions as follows : the homeland trees have higher ability of photosynthesis, water use efficient and drought tolerance and more ecological service function than trees from other place, the arbor have the same results compared with the shrub, for example, the Amorpha fruticosa L. can diffuse the water of 7533g,absorb carbon dioxide of 10424g and oxygen of 7577 per square meter ,it is 1.5,2.4 and 2.6 respectively times of Sambucus williamsii Hance,and is nearly equal to Salix alba Linn which diffuse the water of 7446g,absorb carbon dioxide of 9724g and oxygen of 7052 per square meter,but the head of Salix alba Linn. is several times and far higher ecological service function than Amorpha fruticosa L.. we should selection the tall summer green broad-leaf arbor as the main tree species so that progressing the surroundings of courtyard , at the same time we should use the flower-shrub and needle-tree decorate and enrich landscapes of plant. The text studied mainly the intraspecific and interspecific relationship according to the photosynthesis and water indexs of tree species. The intraspecific relationship was studied according to the space of planted tree, the distance of big arbor is more than 4 m, and 6-10m is appropriate, the distance of the little arbor should be 5-7m and the shrub is about 4-6m. single tree species were planted together naturally, the tree could shelter the less ones appropriately. The interspecific relationship kept the different layers in the light of physiological characters which is factual life form of tree species. The results as follows: the tree species should be put the first synusia if Im≥1500μmol?m-2?s-1,Io≤30μmol?m-2?s-1,if 1000≤Im≤1400μmol?m-2?s-1 and 20≤Io≤34μmol?m-2?s-1, the little arbor that are slightly shade-tolerant should be put the second synusia,the shrub that are shade-tolerant should be put the third synusia if Im>1100μmol?m-2?s-1,Io<17μmol?m-2?s-1.Besides we should classify the tree in the light of the needed water, planted together and irrigated respectively. The tree were arranged together, and the terrain was treated if the distinguish of needed water was bigger. The different type tree were planted the same level and engaged in the treatment of irrigating technique if you want to reach to the landscape result. The actual ability of ecological capacity was not suitable of complicated layers in Urumqi, as a result, it is fit to reach two or three layers. It suggested to arrange the reasonable proportion combining with the different functions of courtyard, embodying changeable season, and use the different level arrangement mode, such as regular mode, natural mode ,fixed mode so as to set off the atmosphere of courtyard greenland. The proportion of summer green broad-leaf trees to needle-trees is about 8:2, the proportion of the arbor to the shrub is about7:3.更多还原