【作者】 左冕；

【导师】 何平；

【作者基本信息】 中南林学院 ， 生态学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 城市化已经成世界性潮流。2001年世界平均城市化水平达47%,我国同期为37%左右。根据城市化的发展规律,在未来的50年里,我国将经历一个大规模的城市化过程,大约3—4亿人口将从农村转移到城镇,城市化的速度是史无前例的。随着城市化的到来,我国的城市生态问题将更加突出,不仅具有“城市病”的一般特征,而且城市发展引发的区域生态环境问题也会日益严重。 城市地域的可持续发展必须以生态环境的可持续发展为前提和保障。景观生态学主要研究景观的空间格局与生态过程及其相互作用,其原理和规律为在实践中通过优化景观格局,提高生态系统的功能和稳定性提供了理论框架。本文以义乌市主要建成区为案例,将其划分为七大景观生态类型,即居住景观、商贸服务景观、公共公用设施景观、工业景观、道路广场景观、绿地景观、水域及其它景观等;利用GIS软件MapInfo5.0对义乌市2001年ikonos航空遥感图像(1:10000)进行处理,结合义乌市2001年土地利用现状图等资料在实地调查的基础上提取了各景观类型图斑的数量、面积、周长等参数;运用景观生态学的理论与方法,以Excel2000为工具,计算了多样性、破碎度等10个景观空间格局指数,对义乌市景观空间格局进行定量评价。 评价结果表明,义乌市城市景观格局存在布局不合理、自然景观类型较少、景观结构和功能单一、景观破碎度较大等问题。2001年各景观类型中,居住景观和工业景观的斑块面积比例较大,分别为36.8%和20.1%,绿地景观和水域景观的比例偏小,分别为4.8%和2.7%;居住景观的斑块数和多样性指数最大,绿地景观的破碎度最小。而格局的成因主要有经济和技术发展、人口增加、政策与制度不完善等,反映了人类城市活动对景观空间格局的强干扰作用。 论文进一步对义乌市总体景观格局优化提出了设想,根据各景观类型的功能和特点将其分为城市发展空间、自然生态空间和景观生态廊道3个层次。城市发展空间包括居住景观、商贸服务景观、公共公用设施景观、工业景观等,具有重要的经济生产、社会活动和文化支持功能;自然生态空间包括绿地景观、部分水域及其它景观,具有环境服务和生物生产的功能;景观生态廊道主要包括河流和道路广场景观,具有加强生态联系、提高生态系统稳定性、防止城市发展空间无序蔓延的功能。通过景观生态学的研究,引导区域及城市用地和空间资源的合理配置,使城市景观斑块合理镶嵌于自然生态景观基质中,并通过多种类型的生态廊道相连,形成区域生态系统的良好结构,构建义乌市融山、水、城为一体、富有现代商贸特色和滨水特色及丘陵盆地地貌特色的城市生态空间景观系统。更多还原

【Abstract】 The urbanization has already become the world trend. In 2001, the urbanization level of the world was up to 47%, and it was about 37% in China. According to the rule of development of the urbanization, in future 50 years, our country will go through a fast urbanization course, about 300 million - 400 million people will transfer from the countryside to the cities and towns, and the speed of the urbanization is unprecedented. With the arrival of the urbanization, the ecological problems of cities of our country will be more outstanding, not only generally characterized with "urban disease", but also the regional environmental and ecological problems that cities’ development cause will be serious day by day.The sustainable development of the urban must regard sustainable development of the environment as the prerequisite and guarantee. The main study range of Landscape Ecology is the spatial pattern, ecological course and the interaction as well, and its principles offer theory frame in the practice of optimizing spatial pattern and raising function and stability of ecosystem. In the case study of Yiwu city in this thesis, we divided the downtown area into 7 ecological landscapes types. They were habitat landscape, trade and business landscape, public utility landscape, industrial landscape, roads and squares landscape, green land landscape, water areas and other landscapes, etc.; Considering the spot survey, we dealt with the ikonos aviation remote sensing image scaling 1: 10000 and the land use plot of Yiwu in 2001 by the GIS software MapInfo5.0. Then we summed those parameters such as quantities, area and perimeter, etc. of the landscape patches. We imported the parameters into the software of Excel 2000 for calculating 10 landscape pattern indexes. In such a way, we carried out a quantitative landscape evaluation of Yiwu downtown.The results showed that the spatial pattern of Yiwu urban landscape had many problems such as unreasonable distribution, decreased types of natural landscape, single structure and function of landscape, increased fragmentation etc.. In every landscape type in 2001, the large percentages of area were habitat landscape and industrial landscape, which was 36.8% and 20.1% respectively, the proportions of green land landscape and water areas landscape were partial and small, was 4.8% and 2.7% respectively; The number of landscape patch and diversity index of habitation was the highest and the fragmentation index of green land landscape was the lowest in all landscape types. And the driving forces of the formation of the current pattern included expansion of population, the development of economy and technology, the faultiness of policy and system etc.. The factors reflected that the human urban activity had severe interference to the landscape pattern.According to various landscapes type function and the characteristic, we further proposed the tentative plan to the overall landscape pattern optimization of Yiwu. We classified the 7 landscape types into 3 different levels: the urban development space, the natural ecology space and the landscape ecology corridors. The urban development space had great function on economic production, social activities and culture support, which included habitat landscape, trade and business landscape, public utility landscape,更多还原