【作者】 贺中华；

【导师】 梁虹； 黄法苏； 祝安；

【作者基本信息】 贵州师范大学 ， 自然地理学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 喀斯特流域是由独特的地貌、水系结构及水文动态过程组成的地域综合体。因此,影响喀斯特流域枯水资源的因素复杂多样,除气候等条件外,流域的植被类型、土地利用类型、岩组类型、地貌类型等也是影响喀斯特流域枯水资源的重要因素。基于此,本文在叙述了国内外对水资源及水资源承载力研究现状的基础上,引申出对喀斯特流域枯水资源及枯水资源承载力研究。 对于喀斯特流域枯水资源及枯水资源承载力的研究内容主要包括以下几个方面:一是从流域结构的角度,分析了影响喀斯特流域枯水资源的主要因素,如植被类型、土地利用类型、岩组类型、地貌类型等。利用灰色理论,重点研究不同自然因素与枯水资源的关系,得出对枯水资源贡献率最大优势因子。二是以实测的水文数据为基础,利用 GIS 和 RS 技术,根据赋水光谱特征,从 TM 影像判读枯季流域下垫面物质赋水状况,建立喀斯特流域枯水资源预测的数学模型,用于解决无资料、无数据地区枯水资源量的计算。三是提出喀斯特流域枯水资源承载力的概念,即是喀斯特地区在某一具体历史发展阶段下,以可以预见的技术、经济和社会发展水平为依据,以可持续发展为原则,以维护生态环境良性循环为条件,经过合理优化配置,枯水资源可供给工农业生产、人民生活和生态环境保护等用水的最大能力,也即枯水资源的最大开发容量。并初步分析了枯水资源承载力的内涵、特性,从枯水资源的供需方面确立了喀斯特流域枯水资源承载力的指标体系;探讨喀斯特流域枯水资源承载力的理论,并建立适合于喀斯特流域枯水资源承力的数学模型。 最后,本文以贵阳市为例,计算出不同用水对象、不同用水类型在现状及未来十几年内枯水资源承载力的状况。结果表明:从贵阳市的整体来看,对工业的承载,2003 年属于温饱型,2013 年达到总体小康型,而 2018 年则全面超载;对农业的承载,2003 年也属于温饱型,2018 年基本达到初步富裕型;对城镇和农村生活的承载,2003 年也属于温饱型,2018 年基本达到和已达到初步富裕型;对 GDP 产值的承载,2003 年达到温饱型,2018 年达到全面小康型。这说明喀斯特流域的枯水资源承载能力较低(温饱型),枯水资源已成为该地区阻碍社会、经济发展的主要因素之一。更多还原

【Abstract】 Karst drainage is a regional synthetical whole which is made up of uniquegeomorphy—river net structure and hydrologic dynamic process . Thus, there are complicatedand diversified factors that influence the low-flow resource of Karst drainage. In addition toclimate etc,There are also important factors of Vegetable types,Land-use types,Rock types andGeomorphologic types to the Karst drainage low-flow resoure.According to it,this paper is basedon describing the home and overseas study of the water resource and water resource carryingcapacity,and bring out the study of the Karst drainage low-flow resource and low-flow carryingcapacity. Three main contents were researched about the low-flow resource and low-flow resourcecarrying capacity in karst region.Firstly, my paper analysized the main factors which influencethe low-flow resource in karst region such as Vegetable types,Land-use types,Rock types andGeomorphologic types etc from the point view of drainage structure. The relationship bothnatural factors and low-flow resources are researched emphatically by the grey theory in mypaper, which make the conclusion of different contribution rates of different natural factors tolow-flow resources.Secondly, interpret the water-bearing status of drainage-base substance fromTM,according to the water-bearing spectral features,using GIS and RS technologies,based on thesurveying hydrologic data,and build up the projectional mathematical model of the Karstdrainage low-flow resource, in order to solve the calculation of the amount of low-flow resourcesin no documents and data regions.Thirdly, pose the concept of the Karst drainage low-flowresource carrying capacity,namely,passing through rational optimal arrangement,low-flowresources can supply the most capacity to industrial and agricultural productions,people livingand ecological environment protections etc,under a concrete historical developmental stage,based on predictive technology, economy and social development,by the principle of sustainabledevelopment, under the condition of the maintenance ecological environment innocuous cycles,viz,the most development capacity of low-flow resources.to analyse preliminarily the meaningand characteristics of low-flow resource carrying capacity. To establish the index system oflow-flow resource of Karst region from the supply-demand relationship of low-flowresources;To approach the theory of the low-flow resource carrying capacity of Karstdrainage,and set up a mathematical model fitting to the low-flow resource carrying capacity ofKarst drainage. At last, taking the example of Guiyang City ,to calculate the status of low-flow resourcecarrying capacity as to the different water-use objects and types at present and in a few years.theresearch show:at the whole point view of Guiyang, the carrying capacity of industry was justenough at 2003, coming to “collectivity wealth” at 2013,and being all over-carry at 2018. thecarrying capacity of agriculture, being just enough at 2003,will come elemenrarily to basicallyaffluent. the carrying capacity of city and rural area life, being just enough at 2003,will getelemenrarily up to basically affluent at 2018. the carrying capacity of GDP , being just enough at2003,will have achieved “all-sided wealth” at 2018.this mean that the carrying capacity oflow-flow resources in Karst region are lower,and that the low-flow resources have been one offactors which hamper seriously Guiyang social and economic development.更多还原