【作者】 喻元秀；

【导师】 熊际翎；

【作者基本信息】 贵州师范大学 ， 环境科学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 随着全球或区域性环境污染和生态破坏的加剧、资源短缺、生物多样性减少等问题的出现,环境与经济协调发展的可持续发展观逐渐引起人们的重视。人类在受到大自然的报复以后终于认识到,环境是有价值的,它对人类社会经济活动的承受能力也是有限的,即存在阈值,这个阈值就是环境承载力。环境承载力已作为衡量环境与经济是否协调发展的重要标准之一,在区域环境规划和管理等方面得到广泛的应用。 草海高原湿地是国家级自然保护区,它有着丰富的动植物资源,是黑颈鹤等珍稀鸟类及其他候鸟的主要越冬地。在可持续发展呼声日益高涨的今天,草海高原湿地的重要性越来越受到广泛的关注。然而,由于草海高原湿地位于喀斯特地区,生态系统十分脆弱,并且随着人口的增加,人类活动对它的影响与冲击越来越大,面临着环境污染、破坏、水文地貌改变等多种威胁。因此,研究人类活动对草海影响的方向、强度及如何处理好资源环境保护与开发的关系,实现生态效益与社会经济效益的统一,是当前我们面临的一项紧迫任务。 本文以环境科学理论和系统论思想为指导,在前人研究的基础上,采用 3S 技术对草海现有基础资料进行补充,对草海水环境和大气环境现状进行了监测,建立空间数据库,采用聚类分析方法和遥感影象结合,分析了草海水质空间分布状况;系统分析了环境承载力研究的基础理论,并以此为基础,建立草海区域环境承载力评价指标体系, 运用环境承载力评价计量模型,对其进行了计算和评价,分析草海区域环境承载力;最后,提出了调控和提高草海环境承载力和保护草海环境的对策。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the aggravation of environmental pollution and retrogression,scares of resources and decrease of biology diversity, sustainabledevelopment was gradually considered important. People finally realizedthat environment is valuable and its supporting ability for social economyis limited after having received the retaliation came from nature, and thislimitation is Environmental Carrying Capacity (ECC). Now, ECC hasbeen regarded as a standard of scaling whether the economic activities arecoordinated with environment, and extensively applied in regionalenvironmental planning and management. Caohai plateau wetland, the State Nature Reserve Area, is abundant inpropagation resources, and it is also the main place for rare and preciousbirds such as “Grus nigricollis” to live through the winter. With thesustainable development becoming the strongest voice and a consensus ofall nations, the importance of Caohai plateau wetland has beenincreasingly taken seriously. However, Caohai plateau wetland locates inthe karst district, whose ecosystem is frangible. Further more, with theincreasing of population, Caohai is being confronted with much dangersuch as environmental pollution, environmental deterioration and changesof hydro-physiognomy. So studying on the orientation and intension ofhuman influence on Caohai, how to deal with the relationship betweenresources exploitation and protection and realizing the unification ofecological benefits and soc-economy benefits is a pressing task wefacing. Based on the thought of environmental science theory, systematicmethodology and the summing-up of the research on ECC, this papersystematically analyzed the theory of ECC. And on basis of the theory ofECC, this paper constructed the indexes system of Caohai ECC. Thensupplemented existing data of Caohai with the help of 3S technology,monitored its water and air, and established the spatial data bases. Basedon this, this paper, combining the clustering analysis and RS image,analyzed the spacial distribution of Caohai water quality, and analyzed,calculated and evaluated the ECC of Caohai . The results showed theintegrated ECC of Caohai is overloading. At the end of the dissertation,some suggestions and countermeasures for improving the ECC of Caohaiwere put forward.更多还原