【作者】 张伏生；

【导师】 靳通收；

【作者基本信息】 河北大学 ， 有机化学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本文共分3章: 第1章:综述了近年来M_xO_y/SO₄^2-（M=Zr,Ti,Fe）型催化剂在有机合成中的应用,并对其今后的发展趋势作了预测。M_xO_y/SO₄^2-是一种新型固体超强酸催化剂,因其具有独特的酸性、高活性、高选择性、不怕水、耐高温、制备方便、无三废污染、简化产品分离程序等优点,是一类对环境友好的催化剂,有着广泛的应用前景,倍受人们的关注和重视。 第2章:近年来,固体超强酸已经被广泛的应用在有机合成中。固体超强酸是一类比无机酸还强的酸。它有许多优点,如,高活性、无毒、无味、无腐蚀、无污染、不挥发、高稳定性。我们用此类催化剂催化了一些有机反应,得到了较好的结果。如,用固体超强酸催化,合成了3-苯基丙烯酸甲酯和对羟基苯甲酸乙酯。该方法具有反应条件温和、反应时间短、操作简单、对环境友好等特点,优化了反应条件。 第3章:季戊四醇双缩醛和双缩酮化合物广泛用作高分子材料的增塑剂、固化剂、抗氧化剂等树脂的添加剂,亦可用作杀虫剂和阴离子表面活性剂清洗液的消泡剂。此外,季戊四醇双缩醛和双缩酮化合物在稀酸性条件下经水解生成原来的醛和酮,因而,又可用于醛、酮羰基的保护。 微波辐射是近十几年来新兴的一种实验技术,已广泛地应用于有机合成反应。微波技术与常规加热方法相比,具有反应体系受热均匀、促进反应分子间的碰撞几率、缩短反应时间、提高反应收率等特点。我们将微波辐射硫酸锆-硅胶催化用于该反应,取得了令人满意的结果,本文方法未见文献报道。更多还原

【Abstract】 This thesis consist of three chapters:In the first chapter, the paper summarized M_xO_y/SO₄^2- （M = Ti, Zr, Fe） increasing extensive uses due to their unique acidity, high activity, high selectivity in organic reactions in recent years. They can almost catalyze all reactions which can be catalyzed by acidic catalysts and behave higher reaction acidity, better selectivity.In the second chapter, TiO₂/SO₄^2- solid superacids has been found to be useful catalyst in a variety of organic reactions in recent years. It is superior to common inorganic acids and has many advantages, such as high reactivity, non-toxic, inodorous, non-corrosive, non-pollution, non-volatile and excellent stability. We have studied that synthesis of methyl 3-phenylacrylate and ethyl p-hydroxyl benzoate with TiO₂/SO₄^2- as catalyst. This method has the merits of operational simplicity, high yields, non-pollutive.In the third chapter, pentaerythritol diacetals are useful in many fields. They can be applied as plasticizers and vulcanizers of various polymeric materials, as raw materials for production of valuable resins and lacquers, as physiologically active substances and as defoamers for washing solution containing anionic surfactants, they can be used as potential protective groups for aldehydes and ketones.Microwave irradiation using commercial domestic ovens has recently been used to accelerate organic reaction. This method is not only of interest from an ecological point of view, but in many case also ofifer considerable synthetic advantage, including reduction of reaction times, promoting reaction yields, selectivity and simplicity of the reaction procedure. We provide an efficient and convenient method for the preparation of pentaerythritol diacetals catalyzed by silica sulfate under microwave irradiation. For this method have operational simplicity, high yield, short reaction time, non-corrosive, non-polluting and employing a reusable catalyst.更多还原