【作者】 魏志文；

【导师】 费尚芬；

【作者基本信息】 河北大学 ， 微生物学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 本实验主要研究多菌二步发酵降解玉米秸秆,生产高蛋白微生态秸秆饲料,这项研究不仅可以解决秸秆燃烧造成的环境污染问题,而且具有很好的经济效益。 本文综述了开发秸秆饲料所具有的巨大的社会效益和经济效益,及秸秆的物质组成,并且详细的叙述了当今秸秆处理的各种方法和技术,讨论了微生物发酵农作物秸秆中存在的问题和研究热点以及微生物处理农作物秸秆生产蛋白饲料的应用前景和发展趋势。 本实验的第一部分设计采用了四种培养基,将菌株P-1、L-1分别转接到四种培养基中:麦粒培养基(1号)、秸秆粉培养基(2号)、木屑培养基(3号)、玉米粉液体培养基(4号),观察其生长状况,结果是这两株菌在1号培养基和4号培养基中生长旺盛,长势较快;并将上述四种培养物作种子转接到秸秆粉固体培养基中,检测菌丝的萌发速度、生长速度及最终培养物的粗蛋白和脂肪含量,其结果是以麦粒为基质的培养物和以玉米粉为基质的培养物转接到秸秆粉固体培养基中,其总体发菌速度较快,生长时间较短,粗蛋白含量较高,如含水量70%的秸秆粉固体培养基接种1号培养物后,其最终的粗蛋白含量可达23.79%,含水量65%的秸秆粉固体培养基接种4号培养物后,最终粗蛋白含量可达21.87%。综合考虑后,选择4号培养基作为种子培养基。并将此共培养进一步扩大。 实验的第二部分对本实验室所筛选的产纤维素酶活性较高的芽孢菌FS进行了纤维素酶活的测定,并对其进行了形态学特征、生理生化特性和DNA G+C mol%的检测,参照东秀珠等人编著《常见细菌系统鉴定手册》,初步确定该菌为芽孢杆菌属的菌株。 实验的第三部分是以第一步共培养所得的培养物为载体,选择产蛋白量高的白地霉、热带假丝酵母及本室筛选的产纤维素酶芽孢杆菌FS和自行分离的保加利亚乳酸杆菌,设计正交实验和一系列单因素实验,最终确定了四株菌的接种量,分别为白地霉5%,热带假丝酵母5%,FS5%,保加利亚乳杆菌3%,最适培养温度为30℃,培养时间为15天。经过第二步共培养后,培养物的粗蛋白含量可达45.63%,粗脂肪含量达0.92%。粗纤维降低到17.23%。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this experiment that researches the effect of several bacterium to the corn straw,for making high protain straw feedstuff.This study not only settles the pollution of circumstance by burning straw,but also has large economy benefit.In the paper that introduce the large benefit for society and condition of making straw feed, also recite the technic and ways to deal with straw.Discussing the question and hotspot of disposing.This experiment of the first part design adopted four kinds of substrates, transfering P-1, L-1 respectively to four kinds of substrates: Ⅰ the kernel substrates, Ⅱ the straw powder substrates, Ⅲ the sawdust substrates, Ⅳ the corn powder liquid substrates, observe its growth condition, the result is the two germes of growing in the kernel substrates and the corn powder liquids substrates to be prosperous, growth speed quickly. And transfer above-mentioned substrates of seed inoculates the straw powder substrates, examining the development speed of the hypha, the thick protein and the fat contents, as well as the growth speed and ultimately production, its result the production that regards kernel as the component of substrates and the production that regards the com powder as the component of substrates in the straw powder substrates , its total development speed is quickly, incubation is shorter, the thick protein content is higher, for example the straw substrates contained with 70% water, its final thick protein content amount to 23.79%, the straw substrates contained 65% water inoculate the corn powder seed, the final thick protein content amount to 21.87%.After consider,selecting corn powder substrates as seed substrates.Experiment of the second part researches the cellulose enzyme vitality of bacillus FS by thelaboratory screened , and also observing its momophological characters, measuring thephysiology biochemical characteristic and the conten of the DNA G+C mol%, according《 the authenticates manual of the familiar germs system 》 of Dong Xiuzhu, the first stepidentified that germ to belong to bacillus.Experiment of the third part use the first part’s production as carrier, selecting Geotrich candidum and Candida tropicalis of higher production of protein also selecting producing the cellulose enzyme Bacillus subtilis FS and Lactobacillus bulgaricus by ourselves separated, design orthogonal test and a series of single factor experiment, finally assurancing the inoculation quantity of four strains germ, is Geotrich candidum 5%, Candida tropicalis 5%,Bacillus subtilis FS 5% of FS, Lactobacillus bulgaricus 3%, the most suitable development temperature is 30 "C , the development time is 15 days. After the second incubation, the production of thick protein content amount to 45.63%. thick fat content amount to 0.92%, thick fibre reduce to 17.23%.更多还原