【作者】 袁莉敏；

【导师】 张日昇；

【作者基本信息】 河北大学 ， 发展与教育心理学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 乐观、心理幸福感是积极心理学研究的主题,是个体显著的积极主观体验,个体的因果归因方式和心理健康调节密切相关,乐观水平和归因方式都能够影响个体的心理幸福感,影响个体对生活的满意程度和抑郁水平,继而影响个体的心理健康水平。本研究通过问卷调查考察大学生乐观、归因方式和心理幸福感的关系,以加深对大学生心理状况的了解,为指导其提高乐观水平,形成科学正确的归因方式,提高心理健康水平,促进其个性的健康发展提供可以借鉴和参考的信息。 本研究在对乐观和归因方式的内涵、发展历程和测评手段进行评述的基础上,进行了两个问题的研究:首先,经过开放式问卷、预测和正式施测,编制乐观问卷和归因方式问卷;其次,通过分层整取取样法,对大一、大二、大三、大四的350名大学生进行调查研究,使用乐观问卷、归因方式问卷、生活满意度问卷和Beck抑郁量表考察大学生乐观、归因方式和生活满意度、抑郁水平的关系,研究结果表明: 1.乐观与生活满意度呈显著正相关,与归因方式、抑郁呈显著负相关;归因方式与抑郁呈显著正相关,与乐观、生活满意度呈显著负相关。 2.乐观者的乐观水平、生活满意度显著高于悲观者,抑郁水平显著低于悲观者。 3.在归因方式的自身性维度上,乐观者、悲观者对可控性低水平、中水平、高水平事件的归因方式均不存在显著性差异。 4.在归因方式的持久性和整体性维度上,乐观者、悲观者在可控性低水平事件的归因方式没有显著性差异,在中水平、高水平事件上,悲观者的归因方式比乐观者更悲观。 5.归因方式对抑郁、生活满意度的影响是通过乐观为中介变量的;乐观直接影响抑郁、生活满意度;乐观与归因方式之间的影响模式是双向的。更多还原

【Abstract】 Optimism, psychological well-being which are the subjects in positive psychology, are individual’s significant positive feelings. Explanatory style has a close relationship with psychological health adjustment. Both of optimism and explanatory style can inflect individual’s psychological well-being, inflect his satisfaction with life and depression, inflect his mental health. The present study aimed to examine the relation among optimism, explanatory style and psychological well-being of the undergraduates, so that we can not only know more about their psychology, but also instnict them to become more optimistic and get scientific and correct explanatory style, improve the level of their mental health, and promote the healthy developing of their individuality.Based on the review of the intension, antecedents and development of optimism and explanatory style, this paper studied two questions. That is: 1. Through open questionnaire, forecast and formal test, optimism and explanatory questionnaires were drawn up. 2. This paper measured 350 participants whose grades vary from grade 1 to grade 4 in college, exploring the relation among optimism, explanatory style, satisfaction with life and depression. The results showed that:1. Optimism had a significant positive correlation with satisfaction with life, a significant negative correlation with explanatory style and depression. Explanatory style had a significant positive correlation with depression, a significant negative correlation with optimism and satisfaction with life.2. The optimistist’s level of optimism and satisfaction with life were significant higher than pessimist, and their level of depression were significant lower than pessimist.3. On internality of explanatory style, optimist and pessimist had not significant differences on low, middle, and high controllable level events.4. On stability and globality of explanatory style, the pessimist had more pessimistic explanatory styles than the optimist when facing middle and high controllable level events, although they had not significant different explanatory styles when facing low controllable level events.5. Optimism was a mediator variable which could mediate the relationship between explanatory style and depression, the relationship between explanatory style and satisfaction with life. Optimism had relatively direct effect on depression and satisfaction with life. There existed a bi-directional influence between optimism and explanatory style.更多还原