【作者】 陈常秀；

【导师】 李同树；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 动物营养与饲料科学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究共分三个试验。试验一试验选用240只1日龄AA肉鸡,随机分成4个处理组,分别饲喂4种试验日粮。Ⅰ组饲喂基础日粮为对照组,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别在基础日粮中添加12.5、37.5、62.5mg/kg的大蒜素。饲养至14、35日龄分两批进行屠宰,对肉鸡肠道发育进行测定;还在相同喂料量的条件下,测定各组肉鸡消化道的食糜排空及其肠道内消化酶活性;并经代谢试验测定了主要营养物质的利用率;还测定了肉鸡的生产性能。试验二所用试验日粮、试验动物及分组同试验一,测定了肉鸡回肠内容物正常菌群的数量及其免疫功能和抗氧化能力。试验三日粮添加1%和2%的大蒜,研究了大蒜对肉鸡血脂指标和肝脏、肌肉胆固醇含量的影响。 三个试验分别对肉鸡肠道的重量与长度、食糜的排空速度、消化酶活性、营养物质利用、生产性能、耗料量、料重比、肠道菌群、免疫器官指数、T淋巴细胞阳性率、血清抗体效价、抗氧化能力指标进行了测定。主要试验结果如下: 试验一测定结果表明,饲喂大蒜素日粮,肉鸡的十二指肠、空肠、回肠的重量和长度,14日龄差异不显著,35日龄显著增加(p<0.05);Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组胃的食糜残留量和食糜总残留量显著低于对照组(p<0.05),胃排至十二指肠的食糜量比对照组显著增加(p<0.05);Ⅲ、Ⅳ组胃排空率比对照组显著提高(p<0.05);十二指肠、空肠糜蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性与对照组差异不显著;干物质和粗蛋白的消化率比对照组显著提高(p<0.05),Ⅳ组血清尿素氮含量显著降低(p<0.05);体重显著增加(p<0.05),料重比显著降低(p<0.05),采食量差异不显著,但也有增加的趋势。 试验二测定结果表明,大蒜素三个处理组的肉鸡,回肠内容物大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌数量比对照组显著降低(p<0.05),乳酸菌数量差异不显著。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper mainly studied on the effects of garlicin on metabolism of main nutriments and disease-resistant in broilers. Three sub-experiments were carried out. In Exp.1, 240 Arbor Acres chickens (1 days-old) were divided into 4 groups randomly. The birds were fed with the same basal diet, mainly containing corn and soybean, but with different levels garlicin (0, 12.5, 37.5 and 62.5mg/kg respectively). Broilers intestinal tract development was evaluated at 14 and 35 days-old. The birds were fed with the same quantity diet and the effect of emptying of chyme and the activity of digestive enzyme was assayed. The utilize ratio of main nutrients were estimated through metabolism trial. The productive performance of broilers were determined also. In Exp.2 , the birds were fed with the same diet as Exp.1, the normal microflora in ileum contents of broilers were analysised. The effects of garlicin on the immunological function and the ability of antioxidation of broiler chicks were analysised. In Exp. 3, the birds were fed the diet with the supplementation of 0(the control), 1 %, 2 % garlic, the influence of garlic on blood lipid index and cholesterol content of liver , breast muscle and thigh muscle in broiler were investigated.The weight and length of duodenum, jejunum and ileum, emptying of chime, activity of digestive enzyme, utilization of nutrient matter, productionperformance, feed intake, feed conversion rate , intestinal tract microflora, immunological function, ability of antioxidation and so on were assayed in these two experiments. The main results are:In Exp. 1, The results showed that, in contrast with the control , the birds fed on garlicin diet, the weight and length of duodenum , jejunum and ileum of the birds at 35 days-old but not 14 days-old increased significantly difference (p<0.05) . The amount of chyme residuce in gastric and the whole digestive tract reduced significantly ( p<0.05), and the chyme in gastric flowed out duodenum increased signify- cantly ( p<0.05), the emptying rate of chyme in gastric of the birds of group three and four increased significantly (p<0.05) .The activity of chymotrypsin, trypsin and amylase in duodenum, jejunum had no significantly difference (p>0.05). Digestive ratio of dry matter and crude protein increased significantly(p<0.05).The content of blood uria nitrogen of the birds in group four reduced significantly (p<0.05). Daily gain, feed conversion rate increased significantly (p<0.05), feed intake also increased, but had no significantly difference (p>0.05).In Exp.2, results suggested that the amount of E. coli and Salmonella of ileum contents reduced significantly (p<0.05). The amount of lactobacillus also reduced, but had no significantly difference(p>0.05). The fabricius bursa relative weight of broilers in goup two, three and four was significantly increased (p<0.05). The thymus relative weight of broilers in group three and four significantly increased (p<0.05) and the spleen relative weight of broilers in group four was also significantly (p<0.05) increased. T , myphocyte electropositive percentage of broilers in group three and four was significantly increased (p<0.05). Newcastle antibody titer of the birds in group foursignificantly (p<0.05) at 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 days-old , so did the birds in group three at 28 days-old. Maleic dialdehyde content of blood serum , pectoral muscle and liver of broilers aged 42 days in group three and four reduced significantly (p<0.05), the activity of super-oxide dismutase increased significantly (p<0.05). The content of plasm reduced glutathione of broilers in group three and four reduced significantly (p<0.05), the activity of blood serum glutathione peroxidase increased significantly (p<0.05), the content of liver reduced glutathione in group two, three and four reduced significantly (p<0.05), the activity of liver glutathione peroxidase in group two, three and four increased significantly (p<0.05).TheExp.3 results indicated that serum total cholesterol, serumtriacylglycerols, LDL- cholesterol, VLDL- cholesterol were significantlydecreased (p<0.05) , serum HDL- cholesterol was significantly increased(p<0.05) . Plasma reduced glutathione , Liver, breast and thigh musclecholesterol were decreased (p<0.05) in comparision with the control.The results showed that the diet with garlicin can promote intestinal tract of broilers growth, emptying of chime and nutrient matter utilization . It can inhibit significantly harmful enterobacteria in broilers intestinal tract, enhance immunological function and ability of antioxidation and as well as increase the productive performance. It can also reduce broilers blood lipid and cholesterol content in liver and muscle.更多还原