【作者】 孙永华；

【导师】 陈学森；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 果树学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 果树实生苗从播种到第一次开花所经历的童期较长,历来是困扰果树育种学家的一大难题,许多学者以苹果、梨、海棠及桃等果树为试材,从实生苗形态、解剖、生理、内含生化物质及激素等方面进行了探索,以期搞清童期机理和缩短童期的方法,并取得了一些进展。本研究以凯特×新世纪杏杂种后代2 年童期实生树不同区段的叶片为试材,以童期3 年、4年和5 年不同区段的叶片为对照,从时间和空间两个角度研究了叶片形态、解剖及生理生化等多项指标的变化。试验结果初步表明:1.童期为2 年的杏杂种实生树成年区叶片的面积、叶重、叶片厚度、栅栏组织厚度和DNA 含量虽高于童区、过渡区叶片的相应指标,但这几个指标的差异不显著;成年区叶片的游离氨基酸含量、叶绿素含量、可溶性糖含量、淀粉含量明显高于童区叶片的相应指标,差异显著,但过渡区各指标与两者相比无显著差异;童区和过渡区的叶片还原糖含量、RNA 含量无显著差异,但低于成年区叶片的还原糖含量、RNA 含量;成年区和过渡区的可溶性蛋白质含量无显著差异,但均显著高于童区叶片的可溶性蛋白质含量。2 年童期实生树童区的童性不明显。2.童期为4 年的杏杂种实生树三个区段之间的DNA 含量没有显著差别;但叶片的面积、叶重、叶片厚度、栅栏组织厚度、叶绿素含量、游离氨基酸含量、可溶性糖含量、淀粉含量、可溶性蛋白质含量由童区、过渡区到成年区逐渐增大,两两之间均有显著差异;童区叶片还原糖含量、RNA含量明显低于成年区,差异达显著水平,但和过渡区无显著差异。4 年童期实生树童区的童性表现十分明显。3.童期为2 年的杏杂种实生树和童期为4年的实生树相比较,除DNA含量无显著性差异外,叶绿素、可溶性蛋白质、游离氨基酸、可溶性糖、还原糖、淀粉、RNA 含量存在显著或极显著差异,其中2 年童期实生树的叶面积、叶片厚度和栅栏组织厚度均明显高于4 年童期实生树的相应指标,差异达极显著水平。2 年童期实生树的各项指标虽然大于3 年实生树各相应指标,但只有叶片厚度与游离氨基酸含量差异达到显著水平。更多还原

【Abstract】 The fruit seedling’s juvenile phase, which is the period from its seeding toits first blossom, is a little long, it has become one of the problems puzzlingthe breeding experts. many experts explored it from the seedling’s morphology,anatomy, physiology, inner material, endocrine on the apple, pear, crabapple,peach in order to explain the juvenile phase and shorten it, and made someprogress. From the time and space aspects this paper studied the leaf’smorphology, anatomy, physiology indexes on the hybrids of Katy×Xinshijiapricot about 2-year juvenile phase on contrast of 3-year, 4-year,5-yearjuvenile phase. The results preliminary showed that:1. On the 2-year juvenile phase seedling, the leaf area, leaf weight, leafthickness, palisade tissue thickness and DNA content of the adult zone’s leaveswere higher than those of the juvenile zone and the transition zone, but thedifference weren’t significant; the free amino acid, chlorophyll, soluble sugar,starch contents of the adult zone’s leaves were clearly higher than those of thejuvenile zone, the difference were significant, but the difference weren’tsignificant to the transition zone’s corresponding indexes; the reducing sugarand the RNA content between the juvenile zone leaf and the adult zone leafhadn’t significant difference, but they were clearly lower than those of theadult zone leaf; the soluble protein content of the adult zone’s and thetransition zone’s leaves hadn’t significant difference, but they were clearlyhigher than that of the juvenile zone leaf. The juvenile traits of juvenile zoneof 2-year juvenile phase were not obvious.2. On the 4-year juvenile phase seedling, the DNA content differencewasn’t significant between these three zones; these indexes such as the leafarea, leaf weight, leaf thickness, palisade tissue thickness, chlorophyll, freeamino acid, soluble sugar, starch, soluble protein, became higher graduallyfrom the juvenile zone, the transition zone to the adult zone, there existedsignificant difference between each other; the reducing sugar content and theRNA content of the juvenile zone leaves were clearly lower than those of the更多还原