【作者】 李莉；

【导师】 李絮花； 赵秉强；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 植物营养学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 本试验以“国家土壤肥力和肥料效益长期监测基地网”在北京褐潮土上进行的农田长期肥料定位试验为研究平台,系统研究了长期不同施肥制度土壤肥力特征及其对作物产量和品质的影响。主要研究结果如下:1 长期不施肥或长期偏施化肥,土壤的容重增加,孔隙度减少,通气性降低,土壤物理性状变劣。长期均衡施用NPK 肥,特别是NPK 配施有机肥,则可以降低土壤容重,增加土壤孔隙度,提高田间持水量,较好地改善了土壤的物理性状。2 长期不施肥土壤有机质含量、腐殖质含量和重组腐殖质含量均降低。长期偏施化肥土壤有机质含量、腐殖质含量和重组腐殖质含量略有增加,长期均衡施用NPK 肥和NPK 配施有机肥土壤有机质含量、腐殖质含量和重组腐殖质含量明显增加。这充分证明了长期施用有机肥的培肥效果。3 长期不施肥土壤胡敏酸含量和松结态腐殖质含量以及胡/富比值和松/紧比值均有所降低,土壤腐殖质品质变劣。长期施肥特别是NPK 配施有机肥可明显增加土壤胡敏酸和松结态腐殖质的含量,提高胡/富比值和松/紧比值,改善土壤腐殖质的品质,促进有机质的活化与更新。4 长期休闲土壤氮、钾素含量均较高,表明土壤长期休闲有助于土壤氮素肥力和钾素肥力的维持和提高。长期偏施化肥土壤全氮和速效氮含量较低,长期均衡施用NPK 肥土壤全氮含量明显提高,但速效氮含量没有显著增加;长期不施用钾肥土壤速效钾和缓效钾含量偏低,长期施用钾肥土壤速效钾和缓效钾含量增加;长期NPK 配施厩肥土壤氮、钾素含量较高。5 长期不施磷肥土壤全磷和速效磷含量偏低,基本已成为作物生长的主要限制因子。长期施用磷肥土壤全磷和速效磷含量提高,长期NPK 配施厩肥土壤全磷和速效磷含量更高。充分证明了施用磷肥的重要性及有机肥在提高土壤磷素上的作用。6 长期不施用磷肥土壤无机磷总量和0-20cm 土层无机磷各组分含量均有所降低,Ca2-P 含量的降低幅度最大,平均为94.8%,几乎已经消耗怠尽,难以被作物利用的O-P 和Ca10-P 的含量也有所降低;而在20-40cm 土层更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on long-term location and different fertilization systems in the“Beijing Fluvo-acqic Soil Fertility and Fertilizer Efficiency Long TermMonitoring Base(BFSFFELTMB)”, the research explored the soil fertilitycharacteristic and its effect on crop’s yield and quality. The main results is asfollows:1 Long-term unbalanced fertilization or fertilizer absence can increase soildensit and decrease porosity and aeration of soil so worsen soil physicalcondition. Long-term balanced fertilization or chemistry fertilizationcombined with organic fertilizer can decrease the soil density and increase theporosity and aeration of soil ,so improve the soil’s physic and fertilitycondition. Especially chemistry fertilization combined with organic fertilizerhas a prominently positive effect on soil’s physic and fertility condition.2 Long-term fertilizer absences decrease the organic matter content and humuscontent and heavy humus in soil. Long-term unbalanced fertilization also canincrease lightly these matters’s content in soil. Longer-termbalanced-fertilization and chemistry fertilization combined with organicfertilizer can increase remarkably these matter’s content in soil.3 Long-term fertilizer absence can decrease the content of humic acid andloose combined humus in soil, Humic acid –fulvic acid ratio (HA/FA) andloose combined humus-tight combined humus ratio. Long-term fertilizationespecially chemistry fertilization combined with organic fertilizer can increaseprominently Humic acid and loose combined humus content in soil and Humicacid –fulvic acid ratio (HA/FA) and loose combined humus-tight combinedhumus ratio so improve the quality of humus and organic matter’s activationand update.4 Long-term N-fertilizer absence or only-N fertilization remarkably decreasetotal N and available N content. Long-term N, P, K chemistry fertilizer更多还原