【作者】 李昌根；

【导师】 邹运鼎； 毕守东；

【作者基本信息】 安徽农业大学 ， 森林保护学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究在对合肥地区葡萄园节肢动物群落的系统调查的基础上,分析了葡萄园节肢动物群落结构及其时空动态变化,并利用群落分析、灰色系统分析、通径分析和地统计学分析,系统研究了葡萄园主要害虫和主要天敌间的相互关系,为合理制定 IPM对策和措施提供理论依据。 1. 将两类型葡萄园的群落结构性指数进行 T 检验,以分析他们之间的差异性,结果表明除物种数与物种丰富度外,其它指标均无显著性差异。将不同田块的调查结果进行方差分析,可得葡萄园未管理地和管理较好地之间群落数个体数差异不明显,在物种数上,扫网的节肢动物两类型群落间差异显著。说明杂草多影响葡萄园整体节肢动物群落。 2. 根据葡萄园节肢动物的营养和取食关系,将群落划分为植食类、捕食类、寄生和中性类亚群落。共调查到物种 62 种,分属于 59 科,其中植食类 36 种,分属于34 科;其中捕食类 23 种,分属于 22 科;植食类总群落的相对丰盛度为 0.47117,其中优势害虫是葡萄跳叶甲 H.chalybea、蚜科 Aphididae。捕食类害虫总群落的相对丰盛度为 0.44234,优势天敌是微蛛科 Micryphantidae 和瓢虫科 Coccinellidae。总群落的优势度和优势集中性分别为 0.127 和 0.092,各亚群落的优势度表现为植食类>寄生及中性类>捕食类。优势集中性表现为寄生及中性类>植食类>捕食类。 3. 葡萄园节肢动物亚群落多样性和均匀度的季节动态与总群落基本一致,随月份呈波浪式的变化趋势。群落多样性指数 H’同物种数(S)、个体数(N)、优势度(d)、优势集中性指数(C)、均匀度(J)和物种丰富度(R)关系密切,通径分析结果表明,多样性(H’)同优势集中性(C)为-0.9499、优势度(d)为-0.9037、均匀度(J)为 0.8840 关系最为密切。对群落结构指数进行主分量分析和排序表明,群落多样性、均匀度、物种丰富度和优势集中性是反映群落结构水平的综合指标。 4. 利用节肢动物群落多样性指标对群落进行聚类分析和最优分割,D=1.64 时,总群落分为 4 类;D=1.86 时,植食类亚群落分为 4 类;D=1.95 时,捕食类亚群落分为 4 类。葡萄园节肢动物群落的最优分割为 2004 年 4 月 11 日～4 月 25 日, 5 月12 日~6 月 21 日,7 月 11 日,7 月 24 日～10 月 15 日等 4 段;植食类最优分割为2004 年 4 月 11 日～5 月 22 日,5 月 31 日～6 月 12 日,6 月 21 日~7 月 11 日,7月 24 日～10 月 15 日等 4 段;捕食类最优分割为 2004 年 4 月 11 日~5 月 12 日,5月 22 日～7 月 11 日,7 月 24 日～9 月 12 日,10 月 15 日等 4 段。 5. 采用灰色系统分析对葡萄跳叶甲及其各种天敌间的相互关系进行了分析,综合评价结果显示草间小黑蛛和肖蛸蛛是葡萄跳叶甲的理想优势种天敌,狼蛛、蟹蛛、更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the thorough investigation, the dynamics of the arthropod communities in grapery and interaction of main insects with its natural enemies were studied by means of community analysis, grey system theory, path analysis and geostastics. These provided theory foundation for IPM. 1 T-test of the arthropod community in two different graperies.The result showed that only species and species abundance have significance.others diversity index of arthropod community have no significance. Variance analysis of different graperies,The result showed that the species between the control field and no control field have significance with net research,the numbers were no significance in dynamics of arthropod communities. 2 The arthropod community was divided into three sub-communities, which were phytophages, predators, parasitoids and neutralities. The results were showed 62 species of arthropod belonging to 59 families and 36 species of phytophages belonging to 34 families 23 species of predators belonging to 22 families in grapery. The relative abundance of phytophages was 0.47117. Halticinae.chalybca (Illiger) and Aphididae were dominant insects of phytophages. The relative abundance of predators was 0.44234. Micryphantidae Coccinellidae Pristomyrmex pungens Mayr and spiders were dominant enemies of predators. Dominance and dominant concentration of total communities were 0.127 and 0.092 respectively. Dominance of every sub-community showed phytophages>Parasitic and neutrality >predators. and dominant concentration of every sub-community showed Parasitic and neutrality>phytophages>predators. 3 The seasonal dynamics of sub-communities was in consistent with the total community; the tendency was from high to low, to high again. Hill diversity index was in relation to species, individuals, dominance, dominant concentration, Pielou evenness and species richness. Hill diversity index was most relative with dominant concentration(-0.9499)、dominance(-0.9037)、Pielou evenness(0.8840) by path analysis. Principal components analysis coordinates analyzed indexes of communities; the results revealed diversity, evenness, species richness and dominant concentration were synthetic indexes of community construction. 4 Diversity indexes of arthropod communities were analyzed by clustering and optimization partitions.D=1.64 Total community were divided into four stages.When phytophages(D=1.86) and predators(D=1.95) sub-communities were divided into four stages. The optimization partitions in the arthropod total communities were 2004.4.11~4.25 5.12~6.21,7.11 and 7.24~10.15.The result of the optimization partitions of phytophages sub-community was 4.11~5.22,5.31~6.12,6.21~7.11 and 7.24~10.15. The result of the optimization partitions of predators sub-community was 4.11~5.12,5.22~7.11,7.24~9.12 and 10.15. 5 Study on the relationship of Halticinae.chalybca (Illiger) and its natural enemies by grey theory, the result showed Erigonidium graminicolum and Tetragnathidae were its ideal dominant enemies and Thomisidae, Lycosidae and Syrphidae were main enemies. 6 Study on spatial construction and relationship of Halticinae.chalybca (Illiger)and Erigonidium graminicolum by geostastics from May to August, spatial construction of Halticinae.chalybca (Illiger) and Erigonidium graminicolum showed aggregated distribution at different periods and its semi-variance models were spherical. The ranges of spatial dependence of Halticinae.chalybca (Illiger) and Erigonidium graminicolum were 1.164~8.508 and 2.977~7.799 respectively. The value of spatial dependence was near at different period . These results showed Erigonidium graminicolum followed with Halticinae.chalybca (Illiger) on populations and space. Therefore, Erigonidium graminicolum was dominant natural enemy of Halticinae.chalybca (Illiger).更多还原