【作者】 李佳新；

【导师】 黄义德； 王儒敬；

【作者基本信息】 安徽农业大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 本文从节水灌溉的基本原理入手,分析了灌溉预报中的各个参量,提出了水稻节水灌溉决策的依据,以中科院合肥智能所最新研制的智能化农业信息技术开发平台 AIP1.0 为系统开发工具,运用知识工程和信息技术原理,将水稻节水灌溉领域内的专家知识、经验和多年来的科研成果与计算机软件相结合,开发完成了淠史杭灌区水稻节水灌溉专家系统。 本系统的组织结构主要由知识库、数据库、模型库、人机界面、解释机构和推理机等部分组成,知识库与推理机相互独立,扩充性很强;模块化结构使系统扩充和完善更为便捷。与此同时,本系统将农业专家系统、决策支持系统与多媒体技术等综合集成,系统直观、形象、人机交互界面友好,且使用与操作简捷方便,易学易懂。系统以 Windows 为应用平台,综合运用推理、预测、解释等机制,为用户实现水稻节水栽培管理咨询与决策服务。在功能上主要包括泡田灌溉决策、生育期灌溉决策和节水灌溉效益分析三大模块,实现了以下功能: (1)泡田灌溉决策:系统主要依据灌区插秧时田面所需水层深度、泡田期的渗水量、预计泡田的天数、泡田期内田面平均蒸发强度和泡田期内的降雨量来预测泡田用水定额。 (2)生育期灌溉决策:系统主要依据水稻根系活动层深度、土壤干容重、灌水上限系数和土壤初始含水量来预测灌水定额;以实际蒸发蒸腾量、有效降雨量和土壤贮水量来预报未来灌水时间。 (3)节水灌溉效益分析:包括经济效益分析、社会效益分析和生态环境效益分析。 系统经过反复测试和应用,运行准确稳定,达到了设计的要求,可以为灌区农户进行水稻节水生产提供科学决策和咨询服务,以达到节约用水和增加农民收入的目的。更多还原

【Abstract】 Starting with the basic principles of water saving irrigation (WSI), the author analyzed each parameter of irrigation forecast and posed the basis of WSI forecast, the expert system for water saving irrigation of rice in Pi-Shi-Hang irrigation district was designed by agricultural information platform 1.0(AIP1.0) developed by Heifei institute of intelligent machines, academy sciences of china. This system was designed with both the base of experts’ knowledge and years of experience in rice production and computer soft ware, also the utilization of knowledge engineering and information technology. The organization and structure of this designed system includes six main pacts: knowledge base, data bank, model base, human computer interface, explanation unit, and reasoning unit. The knowledge base and reasoning unit are mutually independent and with considerably strong capacity of extension; the module structure enhances the system to be further extension and more perfect only by the extension and perfection of the specific module. Furthermore, this system, synthetically integrated with agricultural expert system, decision support system, as well as multimedia technology, is not only objective, imaginable, and friendly for human computer interface, but also simple to handle operate, easy to learn and understand. This system takes WINDOWS as its apply stage. Synthetic use of the mechanics of reasoning, prediction, and explanation is of meaning for serving and advising the customers to realize the decision of water saving cultivation and administration of rice. The function of this system includes possesses the following three modules: (1) decision-making of irrigation during ponding period This system is based on water depth of transplanting, infiltration volume, days, mean evaporation intensity and rainfall during ponding period to forecast irrigation quota during ponding period. (2) decision-making of irrigation during growing period This system is based on the depth of root system, dry unit weight of soil, upper limit index of irrigation and antecedent soil water to forecast irrigation quota;It is based on actual evapo-transpiration capacity, effective rainfall and water reserve of soil to forecast irrigation time. (3) Water saving irrigation beneficial analysis It includes economical beneficial analysis, social beneficial analysis and environmental beneficial analysis. This system has been checked and proved its precise and steady characters, and reached its original design requirements, it can provide scientific decision and consultation on water saving producing of rice for the irrigation district’s farmers to save water and increase income.更多还原