【作者】 申红；

【导师】 潘晓亮；

【作者基本信息】 石河子大学 ， 动物营养与饲料科学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 蛋白质饲料的短缺是全世界所面临的问题,黄粉虫的蛋白质含量高、营养丰富易于吸收并且饲喂简单、价格低廉是最大的可利用的动物蛋白资源。黄粉虫作为蛋白饲料资源有很大的开发潜力。本文主要对黄粉虫的饲养以及作为蛋白饲料资源的利用进行了研究。 试验一 通过观察黄粉虫饲养的生物学特性来确定不同饲料对黄粉虫生长的影响,试验得出黄粉虫需饲养在内壁光滑的器皿;提供适量的水分有利于幼虫的生长发育;成虫存活率主要受虫龄影响;饲料中添加糖蜜虫体生长快,其次是玉米粉、鱼粉。形成了一套小规模饲养黄粉虫的规范体系。人工饲养黄粉虫幼虫的料虫比大致为(2.5-3):1,成本价是2.5元/kg左右。 试验二:通过概略养分分析法,测定黄粉虫的营养成分含量,对黄粉虫的营养价值进行评定。黄粉虫不同虫态的粗蛋白含量不同,成虫、蛹、幼虫依次为53.18%、42.86%,41.23%,粗脂肪含量依次为15.81%、37.97%、40.03%。其营养价值大体相当于鱼粉,尤其是蛋氨酸、赖氨酸的含量高,是一种易于消化吸收的可利用蛋白源。 试验三:本试验以2只装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的新疆细毛羊羯羊(体重为40±3.02kg左右)为研究对象,研究黄粉虫的不同虫态以鱼粉为对照在不同时间点蛋白质的消失率和有效降解率的变化。幼虫、成虫和鱼粉4h消失率分别是4.17%、18.24%、35.2%,8h分别是14.14%、24.76%、39.2%,12h分别是22.6%、39.42%、41.8%,数据显示:黄粉虫幼虫、成虫的有效降解率明显低于鱼粉,是一种低降解率而过瘤胃蛋白量高的蛋白质。 试验四 通过饲养试验,观察研究饲料中添加黄粉虫不同虫态对胡子鲶鱼苗生长性能的影响。 用黄粉虫及其虫粪饲养胡子鲶鱼苗,胡子鲶成活率均在100%。用含有鱼粉的基础饲料添加黄粉虫替换等量鱼粉饲养胡子鲶鱼苗,其饵料系数是,幼虫、蛹组比对照组(鱼粉组)分别低了0.16、0.39,增重率分别提高8.98、12.57差异显著(P<0.05),添加幼虫、蛹组饲料利用率比对照组分别提高了3.28、9.69差异显著(P<0.05),而用代谢物和成虫的增重率远低于用鱼粉的饲料。试验结果表明与添加鱼粉组(对照组)相比等量添加黄粉虫幼虫、蛹均能显著提高增重率、饲料利用率,降低饵料系数,而成虫不能促进生长。 鱼体肌肉沉积粗蛋白和总能量比对照组(鱼粉组)均有所提高,幼虫、蛹添加组比对照组提高了0.59%、0.74%(P>0.05)差异不显著、而虫粪则比对照组(鱼粉组)低了19.44%(P<0.05>差异显著、成虫降低了1.25%,差异不显著(P>0.05),鱼体粗脂肪沉积为幼虫、蛹、成虫组比对照组分更多还原

【Abstract】 It had to be face with that the protein feed be hard up all over the world. However, Tenebrio molitor L. is an available resource of animal protein feed, because of its high protein content, rich nutrition, low price, and easily being absorbed. So that Tenebrio molitor is the hopeful resource of protein feed. Rearing method of T. molitor and utilization as protein feed were carried out in the present study.Experiment I Tenebrio molitor L. needed to be reared in the vessel with slippery inner wall. Available water was propitious to development of T. molitor. Fast growth was reached when reared with feedstuff consisted of gooey, rather than corn flour or fish meal. The proportion of T. molitor .worm number to feed was approximately 2.5~3 tol, its cost price per kg was about 2.5 yuan.Experiment II For the purpose of evaluating the typical ration based on the larvae, pupae and adults of T. molito, analysis was conducted on the nutrients of the roughages and ration. The results showed that the protein content of larvae, pupae and adults was 41.23%, 42.86%, 53.18%, respectively, and the crude fat was 40.03%, 37.97%, 15.81%, respectively. The nutrition value of T. molito was similar to fish meal, especially the content of lysine and methionine were higher than that of fish meal, which suggested that T. molitor was a good resource of food protein and fat.Experiment III In this test, two Xinjiang Merino ewes (average initial live weigh 40±3.02kg ), fitted with a rumen fistula and abomasum fistula were fed with diets consisting of basal dietary and protein supplement of T. molito larvae, pupae, and adults. Fish meal was used as control group. The results showed that rumen degradation rate of total dietary protein of T. molito larva and adult and fish meal were 4.17%, 18.24% and 35.2% at 4h, 14.14%, 24.76%, 39.2% at 8 h and22.6%, 39.42%, 41.8% at 12 h, respectively. The rumen degradation rate of the larva and adult of T. molito, were lower than fish meal at 4h or 8h, therefore, T. molito was a protein that had low degradation and high protein through rumen.Experiment IV Effect of feed with different protein on the fry growth of African catfish clarias gariepinusThe survive rate of Clarias macrocephalus were no significant under fed with diets consisting of basal dietary with fish meal and protein supplement of living larvae, pupae and death adults, metabolize matter of T. molitor . But these diets with T. molitor could improve the water quality to raise fry. The effects of length and weightiness of Clarias macrocephalus reared with larvae, pupae of T. molitor .and fish meal were better than adult and metabolize matter.The fry of Clarias macrocephalus reared with dietary replacing fish meal with equivalent larvae and pupae of T. molitor, the food conversion ratio decreased by 0.16,0.39 respectively, which is significantly superior to other treatments (P<0.05) .,but the weight was up to 8.98, 12.57 respectively, which is significantly superior to other treatments (P<0.05) , feed utilizing rate increased by 3.28,9.69 respectively,更多还原