【作者】 靳正忠；

【导师】 曹连莆； 齐军仓；

【作者基本信息】 石河子大学 ， 作物遗传育种学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 大麦在谷物生产中有着举足轻重的地位,其籽粒营养价值高,兼有食用、饲用、酿造用等多种用途。在大麦籽粒的诸多性状中,比较重要的是籽粒蛋白质及其组分含量,该性状可以直接决定大麦籽粒能否用于酿酒,有无理想的饲用、食用价值。 本文研究了大麦籽粒蛋白质及其组分含量的基因型与环境效应。播期试验、氮肥施用量试验、氮肥施用时期试验和灌水量试验中选取了10个基因型不同的品种作为研究对象,于2005年在石河子大学农学院试验站进行:多点试验选用了7个不同基因型的品种,分别于2005年在石河子大学农学院试验站、农六师108团和农二师21团进行。主要研究结果如下: 1.大麦籽粒蛋白质含量的基因型差异显著。大麦籽粒蛋白质含量的基因型效应明显,参试的10个品种中法瓦维特和卡拉克奇籽粒蛋白质含量在四个试验中最高,接近14.5%,与其余品种差异显著,是新疆生态条件下种植的籽粒蛋白质含量较高的啤酒大麦品种,大麦籽粒蛋白质育种中可作为选育高蛋白品种的亲本。 大麦籽粒蛋白质组分含量的基因型总体差异不显著。从四个试验中的综合表现来看,大麦籽粒蛋白质组分含量的基因型效应不明显。只有品种Celink和ND14636籽粒盐溶蛋白含量与其余品种差异明显,参试品种在籽粒醇溶蛋白含量上差异均不显著,在籽粒谷蛋白含量上,除了Logan,未见达显著差异的品种。 2.大麦籽粒蛋白质含量的环境效应差异显著。不同氮肥施用时期对大麦籽粒蛋白质含量效应极显著;不同氮肥施用量对大麦籽粒蛋白质含量效应极显著,随着施氮量的增大,蛋白质含量增加;不同种植地区对大麦籽粒蛋白质含量效应达极显著水平,日较差大,日平均温度和日平均相对湿度适中的气候条件,有利于提高籽粒蛋白质含量。 大麦籽粒蛋白质组分含量的不同环境效应各异。不同种植地区对大麦籽粒蛋白质组分含量的效应非常明显,对盐溶蛋白含量、醇溶蛋白含量、谷蛋白含量分别达到了极显著水平、显著水平和极显著水平;播期对大麦籽粒谷蛋白含量的效应达到显著水平;相比之下,氮肥施用量、氮肥施用时期、灌水量对蛋白质组分的效应不明显。 3.大麦籽粒蛋白质含量的基因型和不同环境互作效应各异。不同种植地区与品种的互作对大麦更多还原

【Abstract】 There is very important position for barley in the production of the grain, the nutrition of its seed is costly, and it has many uses such as using as food, fodder and material for beer product. In a great deal of properties of barley seed, a more important one is the contents of protein and its components, which can determine directly whether the barley seed could be used for making wine, and has ideal raise using or edible values.The effects of genotype and environment on the contents of protein and its components in barley grains were studied in this paper. The experiments of sowing dates, different amounts of nitrogen fertilizer, different application periods of nitrogen fertilizer and different amounts of irrigation water were conducted at the Experiment station in Shihezi University in 2005. During the same year, the experiment of different locations was done at the experiment stations in Shihezi University, the 108th corps and the 21st corps. The main results as follows:1 .The genotypic differences of protein contents in barley grains are remarkable. The genotypic effects of protein contents in barley grains are obvious. Among 10 cultivars tested, the grain protein contents of FAWAWEITE and KALAKEQI are the highest in four experiments and their values close to 14.50%, which have significant difference with the other cultivars. Thus, these 2 beer cultivars are high protein ones in the ecological region of Xinjiang and can be used as parents in protein breeding for barley grain.The genotypic differences of protein components contents in barley grains are not generally remarkable. The genotypic effects on the protein components contents in barley grains are not obvious in four experiments. Among all cultivars, only Celink and ND14636 have significant differences with the others on the content of salted protein in barley grains; the differences of hordein contents between different cultivars are not significant; and the differences of gluten contents in different cultivars are not remarkable except Logan.2.The environmental effects of the protein contents in barley grains have remarkable differences. The nitrogen application periods have extremely significant effects on the protein contents in barley grains; the amount of nitrogen also have extremely significant effects on the protein contents in barley grains. With the increase of nitrogen quantity, the content of protein increases. The content of protein in barley grains have extremely significant difference among different planting locations. The climatic conditions with big difference of temperature per day, relatively moderate humidity and temperature per day, are favourable to high protein contents in barley grains.The environmental effects of the protein components contents in barley grains are different. The effects of locations on the protein components contents in barley grains is very obvious. The effects of location on the更多还原