【作者】 韩春蕊；

【导师】 胡正水；

【作者基本信息】 青岛科技大学 ， 应用化学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 无机空心微球由于具有特殊的空心结构和潜在的应用价值,因而成为材料研究领域内的一大热点。人们已经用各种方法制备了多种无机材料的空心微球,其中最常用的制备方法便是直接包覆高分子乳胶粒模板法。文献报道的高分子乳胶粒模板绝大多数为聚苯乙烯乳胶粒,其他模板还很少见;目前,对高分子乳胶粒/无机盐水解产物核壳微球的形成机理的理论研究还处于初级阶段,对乳胶粒模板法批量生产无机空心球还缺乏指导性理论研究,导致该方法难以用于批量生产无机空心球;复合空心微球的研究还相对较少。 本课题组在前期工作中,以聚（C₉油-丙烯酸）[P（C₉-AA）]为乳化剂,制备了表面负载有羧基的苯乙烯-丙稀酸（酯）共聚物阴离子（PSA-A）乳胶粒,并以此阴离子乳胶粒为模板制备了CdS、ZrO₂空心微球和Ag/TiO₂、CdS/TiO₂复合空心微球; 本文以聚（C₉油-甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化胺）[P（C₉-DMC）]为乳化剂,制备了表面负载季胺盐的苯乙烯-丙稀酸（酯）共聚物阳离子（PSA-C）乳胶粒,并直接以PSA-A和PSA-C两种表面电性不同的乳胶粒为模板制备了TiO₂、Y₂O₃空心微球及其复合空心微球。研究了各实验条件对形成核壳微球的影响,得到制备各核壳微球的最佳实验条件;用SEM、TEM、TG-DTG、IR、XRD、ξ电位对样品进行表征和分析。 通过测试乳胶粒、无机盐水解产物以及核壳微球的ξ电位,分别推测了两种乳胶粒制备核壳微球的形成过程,即核壳微球的形成机理,认为在尿素水解陈化法中,影响光滑核壳形成的关键因素为陈化过程中体系的pH值变化速率,并将该机理分别用于推测形成的两类核壳微球的最佳实验条件,与实际最佳实验条件相符合。并依据该机理分别设计出尿素水解陈化法和室温下一步包覆法制备二氧化钛空心微球的方案,实验效果较好,实现了乳胶粒模板法批量制备空心球的目标,两种实验方案的成功证实了推测的核壳微球形成机理的正确性。 本文还分别利用两次包覆法和同步水解包覆法分别制得内镶Y₂O₃的更多还原

【Abstract】 Inorganic hollow sphere is studied widely because of its hollow structure and potential application. Many inorganic hollow spheres are prepared by various methods, in which the method used frequently is templating against polymer latex directly. The mostly used polymer latex template is polystyrene latex. Presently, the fonnation mechanism of polymer latex/inorganic core-shell spheres is studied elementarily and there are no reports about using theory for guiding experiment. Few reports still about batch production of inorganic hollow spheres by templating against polymer latex and the preparation of composite hollow spheres have appeared so far.In our previous work, anionic poly（styrene-acrylic acid） （PSA-A） with a lot of COO- groups covering on its surface was prepared using Poly（C9-acrylic acid） （P（C₉-AA）） as emulsifier and it was used as template for preparing CdS, ZrO₂ hollow spheres and Ag/TiO₂, CdS/TiO₂ composite hollow spheres.In this dissertation, firstly, cationic Poly （styrene-acrylic acid） （PSA-C） latex with quaternary ammonium salt covering on its surface is prepared using Poly （C₉-methylic propylene acryl oxygen ethylic three methyl ammonium chloride） （P（C₉-DMC）） as emulsifier. TiO₂, Y₂O₃ hollow spheres and their composite hollow spheres are prepared by templating against PSA-C latex and PSA-A latex directly. The experiment conditions of core-shell spheres formation are studied and the optimum conditions are obtained. The experimental samples are characterized by SEM, TEM, TG-DTE and XRD.Secondly, ζ potentials of polymer latex, inorganic hydrolysis and core-shell spheres are investigated and the formation processes （formation mechanism） of PSA-A/inorganic hydrolysis and PSA-C/inorganic hydrolysis core-shell spheres are speculated. We conclude that pH changing velocity is crucial for the smooth core-shell formation. The optimum formation conditions for smooth core-shell are更多还原