【作者】 杨秀玲；

【导师】 冉霓； 衣明纪；

【作者基本信息】 青岛大学 ， 儿科学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 目的:探讨4～5岁儿童行为问题的家庭影响因素,并提出干预措施,为促进4～5儿童行为正常发育提供理论依据。 方法:采用自制家庭一般环境问卷、父母教养方式量表中文版(EMBU)及Achenbach儿童行为量表(CBCL)对1096名4～5岁儿童行为及其家庭一般环境和养育方式进行调查,研究家庭一般环境、观看电视和父母养育方式对儿童行为问题及其各因子的影响。统计学分析应用SPSS软件进行,统计方法采用x~2检验、Pearson相关、多元逐步回归分析和Logistic回归分析。 结果:①儿童行为问题发生率为16.39%,男性儿童行为问题发生率为19.17%,女性儿童行为问题发生率为13.40%,二者差别具有显著意义(x~2=6.8431,P<0.01)。②男性儿童平日观看电视时间与各行为因子分正相关:行为总分、社会退缩、躯体诉述、抑郁、不成熟、分裂样、攻击性、违纪(r=0.177,P=0.005;r=0.130,P=0.040;r=0.204,P=0.001;r=0.145,P=0.023;r=0.163,P=0.010;r=0.100,P=0.177;r=0.137,P=0.031;r=0.191,P=0.001);男性儿童周末观看电视时间也与各行为因子分正相关:行为总分、社会退缩、躯体诉述、抑郁、不成熟、分裂样、攻击性、违纪(r=0.150,P=0.018;r=0.213,P=0.001;r=0.173,P=0.006;r=0.211,P=0.001;r=0.181,P=0.004;r=0.169,P=0.008;r=0.182,P=0.004;r=0.193,P=0.002),但是女性儿童观看电视时间与其行为问题无相关性;电视内容和行为问题无显著相关。③父母养育方式中的情感温暖与多种行为因子分负相关,而惩罚严厉、过干涉、过保护与多种行为因子分正相关,养育因子对儿童行为因子的影响有性别差异。④家庭的一般环境因素中,对男性儿童,4～9个月断乳(OR=1.564,P=0.098)、奶粉为主的喂养方式(OR=4.836,P=0.001)相对于10月以上断乳和母乳喂养而言为儿童行为问题发生的危险因素,而高收入(OR=0.349,P=0.057)、平时每日观看电视时间<1h(OR=0.667,P=0.080)和父亲文化水平高(专科以上OR=0.305,P=0.000;中专OR=0.274,P=0.000)是保护因素。对女性儿童,奶粉为主更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To study the effects of family environment on behavior problems and various behavior factors in 4-5 years old children.Methods Behavior problems & family environment of 1096 children aged 4-5years were investigated with Self-made Family General Environment Questionnaire, Egma Minnen av Bardnsnauppforstran (EMBU) & Achenbach Child behavior Checklist (CBCL). Pearson relation, multiple stepwise regression analyses and multiple Logistic regression analyses were performed by SPSS Software after being classified according to sexual distinction. Various family characteristics, television viewing time and the scores of parental rearing practice were used as independent variables; the scores of various behavior factors of behavior problems as dependent variables.Results ①The prevalence of behavior problems in children is 16.39%-the male19.17% while the female children is 13.40% (x2 = 6.8431, P<0.01). ②Television viewing time had a positive correlation with subscale scores, especially for male children, daily television viewing time is associated with the following behavior problems: total score, social withdraw, somatic compliant, depression, immatureness, schizophrenia, aggression and delinquency (work day r=0.177, P=0.005; r=0.130, P=0.040; r=0.204, p=0.001; r=0.145, P=0.023; r=0.163, P=0.010; r=0.100, P=0.177; r=0.137, P=0.031; r=0.191, p=0.001;) (weekend day r=0.150, P=0.018; r=0.213, P=0.001; r=0.173, P=0.006; r=0.211, p=0.001; r=0.181, P=0.004; r=0.169, P=0.008; r=0.182, P=0.004; r=0.193, P=0.002).But for female children, there is no association with any behavior problems. Viewing contents are not associated with children’s behavior problems. ③Of parental rearing practice, emotional warmth is a protective factor which had negative correlation with various behavior problems, but punishment, rejecting .over involvement and overprotection are risk factors of parental rearing practice which are positive associated更多还原