【作者】 李玉勤；

【导师】 阎照祥；

【作者基本信息】 河南大学 ， 中国近现代史， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 门户开放政策的公开宣布和在列强间的确立,是 19 世纪末由美国来进行的。但该政策是 19 世纪中后期英国对华一直推行的政策。由于种种原因,人们对英国的该政策存在很深的误解,以致中外史学界对此研究不足。而这种研究不足的状况,直接导致对 19 世纪中后期英国对华政策整体研究的缺乏和对 19 世纪中后期列强侵华特征的研究的缺乏。因此,对英国该时期的门户开放的研究有着重要的意义。本文试图对该政策在 19 世纪中后期的嬗变作一粗线条的描述,对其特征作一概括和分析,并对其作客观的认识和评价。本文正文分四部分。第一部分,介绍了门户开放政策的基本含义,并对“门户开放政策是 19 世纪中后期英国对华政策”作深入的说明和阐释,以消除“门户开放政策是美国政策”的误解。第二部分,叙述该政策在 19 世纪中后期的嬗变过程。大致可划分为三个阶段:(一)初步形成阶段;(二)完全形成阶段;(三)公开提出、蜕变及最终由美国公开宣布并在列强间确立阶段。第三部分,对英国该政策的特征进行了较为深刻的概括和分析。指出其有两个重要特征,一是多种殖民手段相辅并用,运用某些其它殖民手段作为门户开放政策的助推力;二是具有典型的实用主义的特征,体现了英国的历史传统和民族特色。第四部分,对英国的门户开放政策作一认识和评价,肯定该政策具有鲜明的时代特征,是英国的利己政策,具有侵略性和虚伪性,同时,对它在 19 世纪中后期国际关系中的地位给以肯定。更多还原

【Abstract】 Scholars usually acknowledge that the Open Door Policy belongs to the US,because it was the US that publicly announced and established this policy amongPowers at the end of the 19th century. In fact, British government had alreadyimplemented the policy since the Opium War was broken out between Qing Dynastyand British government in the middle period of the 19th century. Due to various reasons,people always misunderstand it deeply so that it is studied scarcely among thespecialists at home and abroad. This situation directly leads to further research less tothe British policy to China and the characters of Powers’ policies that were implementedin the middle and later period of the 19th century. Therefore, the research of this Britishpolicy is of great importance. The present dissertation attempts a study on describing itsevolution, generalizing and analyzing its characters, then giving it an objectiveevaluation. There are four parts in the paper: Because this policy is always being misunderstood, the first part introduces thebasic meaning about the Open Door Policy, and illustrates thoroughly why it was Britishpolicy to China during the middle and later period of the 19th century. By this way, itcan clear away the misunderstanding that the Open Door Policy belongs to the US. The second part is a very important one that describes the evolution during themiddle and later period of the19th century. Its evolution could be divided into threestages: at first stage, it was formed preliminarily. At second, it was entirely formed. Atthird, it was publicly announced at first, then varied by British government. In the end itwas established by the US among Powers. Like the part two, the part three is also a main part in this thesis. It displays that theOpen Door Policy has two main characters. First, various colonial means were usedsimultaneously, and these means affected one another. In the mean time, some othermeans contrary to the Open Door Policy were used as its promoting strength. Second, itwas of the pragmatism character that reflected the historical tradition and nationalcharacter of the Great Britain. The last part makes a simple evaluation on the Open Door Policy. It was of theobvious character of that age, and was British selfish policy reflected its benefits, andwas also of the character of both encroachment and hypocrisy. In the same time, it madedifference in the international relationship among Powers during the middle and laterperiod of the 19^th century.更多还原