【作者】 罗学艳；

【导师】 张莲波；

【作者基本信息】 河南大学 ， 中国近现代史， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 二十世纪初,在国内民族危机愈发严重和西方近代思想学说大量涌入的历史条件下,尚武思想形成。尚武思想是清末众多进步思想的一种,它要求培养国民的尚武精神,实行全民皆兵,以达到军事救国的目标,表现了新型知识分子群体振奋民族精神,自强于世界的强烈愿望。本文以新型知识分子群体作为研究尚武思想的载体,考察他们爱国救亡的心路历程和实践活动,探究尚武思想与实践在重大历史转折时期的作用,总结其进步性和局限性。 本文正文分四部分。 第一部分,介绍新型知识分子尚武思想形成的社会和文化渊源。其时尚武思想形成的主要社会和文化原因有:其一,中国日益严重的民族危机;其二,进化论的影响;其三,日本“武士道”与“大和魂”的启示;其四,中国文化中崇尚武勇的价值传统。 第二部分,考察新型知识分子尚武思想的内容。主要表现在:一是提倡国粹——武术;二是提高军队战斗力;三是主张全民皆兵主义;四是增强国民的身体素质;五是提倡军国民教育。 第三部分,阐述新型知识分子的尚武实践。主要包括:成立尚武民间团体;创作尚武文学;从事暗杀活动;推广体育教育;建立反清革命组织。 第四部分,对新型知识分子的尚武思想与实践进行评析。新型知识分子的尚武思想与实践对中国近代社会的政治、教育等领域都具有积极的影响,是爱国的、进步的;但是,由于它们产生于特殊的历史背景,不可避免地存在着局限性。更多还原

【Abstract】 At the beginning of the 20th century, with the national crisis becoming serious andthe modern western thoughts pouring constantly, the militarism thought arose. Themilitarism thought is one of the progressive thoughts in the late years of the QingDynasty. In order to achieve the goal of saving the nation with military forces, it calledfor cultivating the people’s military spirits and carrying out the policy of every citizenbeing a soldier. And it expressed the new intellectuals’ strong wishes of inspiring thenational spirit and improving China’s position in the world. Taking the new intellectualsas the carrier of the militarism thought, the thesis focuses on their mental developmentand practice of saving the nation and makes a thorough inquiry of effects of themilitarism thought and practice in the crucial historical period and summarizes theirprogress and limitations. The thesis is divided into four parts. In the first part, the author makes an analysis of the social and cultural origins ofthe new intellectuals’ militarism thought. These origins can be classified into fouraspects:(1) the increasingly serious national crisis ;(2) the influences of the theory ofevolution;(3) the enlightenment of Bushido and Japanese National Spirit;(4) the Chinesetraditional values on militarism. In the second part, the author expounds the contents of the new intellectuals’militarism thought. It includes five aspects:(1) advocating the quintessence of Chineseculture—martial arts;(2) strengthening the combat capabilities;(3) maintaining thethought that every citizen is a soldier;(4) improving the people’s physique;(5)advocating the militarism education. In the third part, the author elaborates the new intellectuals’ militarism practice. Itincludes five aspects: founding the folk military organizations, creating militaryliterature, being engaged in assassination, spreading the physical education, andestablishing the revolutionary organizations against the Qing Dynasty. In the fourth part, the author comments on the new intellectuals’ militarism thoughtand practice. The new intellectuals’ militarism thought and practice have brought aboutpositive influences to China’s modern society in politics and education etc. Although thethought and practice are patriotic and progressive, there unavoidably exists somelimitations because of the special historical background.更多还原