【作者】 张超；

【导师】 卜召林；

【作者基本信息】 曲阜师范大学 ， 中国现当代文学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 胡适强调文学发展线性直进的特点,相信未来的文学状态是异于今世的、是先进的,这是文学进化的必然结果。他主张将文学表现的范围投向最广阔的社会生活,将社会生活视作文学表现的内容和变迁的动力。认为只有注重实地观察,并融入独特的个人经验,才能达到真实观察社会现实的目的,创造出优秀的文学作品。胡适充分考虑到了文学作品接受对象的特点及其接受途径的特殊性,强调文学接受中读者对于文学文本的反作用力以及重新阐释的可能。为了使文学能够成为唤起民众参与民族复兴运动的工具,胡适努力使白话文成为所有文字交流的基本媒介,将文学语言变革的目的直接指向增加文学文本的读者群,使读者在经过阅读过程之后可以认清当时中国的社会现实,达到改造社会的功利目的。胡适主张将文学作品工具化,将文学批评功效化,根据文学作品达到的效果来判断一部作品的优劣,将“工具”作为文学作品的重要定位。胡适眼中的中国文学体式是“不完备”的,他始终强调学习“第一流”的文学“范本”。胡适强调文学理论与批评中的方法论,主张用杜威实用主义的方法、中国传统的“汉学方法”和清代学者的治学方法综合起来的科学主义来对待文学,“反抽象的具体”是对胡适方法论的最好概括。更多还原

【Abstract】 Hu Shi took the view of history of the social development as the point of department, emphasizing that the characteristic of literary development was its linear progress. He believed that the literature in the future would be different and advanced, which was the inevitable result of the evolution. He advocated that the content of literature should be put into the vast social life, which was considered as the source of it and the motive force of the vicissitude. He thought that only by paying attention to the on-the -spot observation and blending one’s own special experience can you reach the state that one could observe the reality of our society and give free rein to one’s own imagination, after which the excellent literary work would be created. Hu considered much of the characteristic of the objects that would receive the literary work and their peculiarity of the way they receive it, paying much attention to the reader’s reacting force of the literary version and the impossibility of the re-explanation in the acceptation of literature. In order to make literature as a tool of arousing the masses of the people to take part in the national rejuvenation campaign, Hu tried his best to make the writings in the vernacular as the basic medium of all the written communication. He turned the function of literary transformation to increase the members of reader group. After reading the literary work, the readers would get a clear understanding of the reality of China at that time, which would reach the utility aim of remaking the society. The literary concept of Hu emphasized the objectivity, the accuracy and the scientific nature, considering the literary work as a tool, making the literary criticism efficacious. Whether a literary work was good or not was based on the effect expressed by it. "Instrument" was the most important criteria for the fixed position of a literary work. The form of Chinese literary works was incomplete in Hu’s eyes. He emphasized the learning from the "first-rate" model in the west literature. Hu stressed the methodology in the literary theory and criticism. He considered the scientism, which was synthesized by Du Wei’s pragmatism, Chinese traditional Sinology method and the study method of the scholars in Qing Dynasty. The best generalization of Hu’s methodology was "the concretization anti the abstraction".更多还原