负电源线性调节器的设计及频率补偿和瞬态特性的研究

【作者】 郑尧；

【导师】 张波；

【作者基本信息】 电子科技大学 ， 微电子与固体电子学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 电源管理电路芯片具有高集成度、高性价比、最简外围电路、能构成高效率电源等优点,以及广阔的市场前景。本文中所设计的电路——负电源线性调节器是电源管理芯片的一种,其主要特点是功率器件工作在线性状态,具有稳定度高、可靠性好、成本较低等优点。目前此类芯片市场基本被国外大公司所垄断,因此掌握此设计技术并对其中关键技术的研究,对国内IC 设计产业的发展具有重要意义。本文设计了一种负电源NPN 达林顿型线性调节器的电路及版图,采用某公司成熟的双极工艺,具有-5、-12、-15、-18、-24 等5 种可选电压输出,最低输入电压可达-40V,最大输出电流为100m A,最大结温为150℃,而且采用内部补偿方法使电路的具有很高的稳定性。通过仿真验证电路具有较强的调整能力,可最大限度地稳定输出电压。另外,在电路中还设计了热保护、电流限制和安全区保护电路,使电路可以在更安全的状态下工作,延长了芯片寿命。在设计电路过程中,仔细考虑了设计中所遇到的各种问题,并着眼于如何在设计电路的同时最大限度的克服工艺和制造的误差。采用某公司成熟的双极工艺库及专用SPICE 模型对所设计电路进行了仔细模拟仿真,并最终达到设计要求。并且还采用PCB 测试电路实现了电路功能,进一步验证了电路的实用性。在版图的设计过程中,充分考虑了各种版图设计因素,并用标准的设计流程设计出达到设计要求的版图,最后借助设计软件Cadence 对版图进行各种必须的验证并最终通过验证。论文还针对此类电路的重点和难点问题进行了深入研究,主要集中在通过频率补偿技术改善系统的稳定性和瞬态特性的改善两大问题。先对其基本原理进行深入的分析,然后提出解决问题的办法。对于频率补偿技术,分别详述了传统的频率补偿方法、密勒补偿方法及提出的一种鲁棒性频率补偿技术,最后对旁路电容引起的不稳定因素进行了分析,并提出解决办法。对于改善瞬态特性,在分析瞬态响应成因的基础上,总结改善的各种途径,重点阐述一种宽带调节器电路和一种快速响应环电路。更多还原

【Abstract】 Power supply management IC (integrated circuit) have broad market prospect related to their virtues with high integration density, high price performance ratio, the most simple periphery circuit, and the advantage that it can make high efficiency power supply, etc. The circuit proposed in this paper, or the negative linear regulator, belongs to the catalogue of power management The power devices working in the linear region makes it the main feature of this circuit; it also performs the features of high stability, good reliability and low cost. Nowadays, the market of this chip is monopolized by the corporations abroad, hence, it has magnificent sense to master this technique and do research around the key points of the design. In this paper, a negative linear regulator with NPN Darlington structure and its layout are designed using the mature bipolar process afforded by certain company. It has five optional output voltages: -5V, -12V, -15V, -18V, -24V with the minimum input voltage -40V, the maximum output current 100mA and the maximum junction temperature 150 ℃, internal frequency compensation makes it high stability, as well. This regulator has an excellent ability of regulation which can stabilize the output voltage to the maximum extent. Additionally, some sub circuits like thermal protection, current limitation and SOA (safe operation area)protection are included in the regulator, which makes the circuit along longevity under safer working condition. Many problems and how to eliminate the error caused by the process and the manufacture in a maximum extent are considered carefully during the design. By using the mature bipolar process from certain company and the exclusive SPICE model, the circuit achieves the design requirements through the simulation, the function of the circuit is also achieved by PCB testing circuit, and its practicability then is validated ulteriorly. Considering many factors adequately during the layout design, the layout which meets the design requirements is obtained through the standard design flow, and finally is passed the checkout in virtue of the software Cadence. An in-depth study is also made about the keystones and difficulties, which mainly focuses on improving problems of stability through frequency compensation and transient performance. Firstly, the basic theory is analyzed then the solution is更多还原