量子信息论中的密码协议与算法研究

【作者】 薛开庆；

【导师】 朱清新；

【作者基本信息】 电子科技大学 ， 计算机应用技术， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 量子信息科学是物理科学与信息科学交叉融合产生的新兴学科领域。该学科以量子力学的基本原理为基础,主要研究量子信息处理,包括量子计算机、量子通信、量子密钥分配等几个方面。将量子系统的特性应用到信息领域中,可以在许多方面突破经典信息理论的极限,实现经典信息处理难以想象的功能,如大数因子分解、绝对安全的密码分配等。量子密码学作为量子信息理论的一个重要方面,它利用量子力学的一些奇特性质,突破了传统密码学的限制,能够绝对安全地传送信息。近些年来,量子密钥分配在自由空间和光纤的实验中都取得了显著的进展。本文总结了各种量子密钥分配协议,分析了它们的安全性,量子密钥分配是后面进行量子签名方案的直接理论基础之一。数字签名在现实生活中是一个重要的问题,然而经典的各种签名方案都是基于各种数学难解问题的,它们都不能提供绝对的安全,本文总结了现有的各种数字签名方案,分析了它们的缺点,在此基础上,本文提出一种基于量子密码术的可消息自动恢复的签名方案,它能提供可证明的安全。最后,本文结合量子密码分配协议(BB84 协议)和量子签名方案的原理,提出了一个具体的量子签名方案的实现设计思路,并画出了主要的流程图,并对下一步工作进行了展望。更多还原

【Abstract】 The combination of quantum mechanics and classical information theory yields the new subject of quantum information theory. Quantum mechanics is the foundation of quantum information, which primarily study quantum information processing, including quantum computer, quantum communication and quantum key distribution. When we applied the properties of quantum mechanics to information, classical limit of information theory could be exceeded in many ways, and we can accomplish many unimaginable tasks for classical information processing, such as fast factoring, absolutely secure cryptograph etc. Quantum Cryptography is an important application of quantum information. Using the miraculous properties of quantum mechanics Quantum Cryptography breaks thought the confines of classical encryption and can make our communications perfectly secure. In the past several years, there has been significant progress in Quantum Key Distribution (QKD). Many QKD experiments have been successfully demonstrated in the free space and in the optical fiber. In the paper,all kinds of QKDs have been summarized and their security have been discussed. All classic signature schemes are based on some complex problems, so they can not provide absolute security. In the paper, a new signature scheme based on quantum cryptography has been proposed and the scheme is provable secure. The scheme uses a public board and can recovery message, provides confidentiality of the message and a higher efficiency in transmission. Finally a thought of software design on the quantum signature scheme has been provided and main flow charts have been drawn.更多还原