【作者】 闫海冰；

【导师】 余雪标； 郝占庆；

【作者基本信息】 华南热带农业大学 ， 生态学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 黑龙江省是我国第一林业大省,森林面积、覆盖率、木材蓄积量都占全国第一位。黑龙江省广袤的森林资源对东北、华北乃至全国生态平衡起着至关重要的作用。但由于半个多世纪的过量采伐,致使森林资源锐减,带来了森林生产力下降、森林生境破碎化、乡土物种加速灭绝和环境质量下降等一系列问题。本文从森林资源统计变化特征、森林景观格局变化两个方面对黑龙江省森林资源的变化进行了研究,并用灰色理论的GM(1,1)模型对该省森林资源未来的发展进行了预测。以天然林保护工程实施为背景,对研究区森林经营提供了科学依据。具体研究如下: 1.黑龙江省森林资源的变迁。基于近代的森林资源统计资料,全面分析了黑龙江省森林资源的历史变迁过程,重点论述了建国后森林资源的消长动态及当前森林结构严重失调的状况。结果表明,森林蓄积总量长期持续下降;林业用地面积急剧减少;龄组结构劣变,近成过熟林比例过低;林种结构很不合理,用材林所占比例过大;森林生产力持续下降;人均森林占有量急剧减少。 2.黑龙江省森林景观的变化。基于三期森林资源分布图,以GIS作为分析手段,应用景观生态学数量方法,研究了森林景观及景观类型的变化情况。结果表明,森林景观逐渐趋于破碎化,其中以红松林的破碎化最为严重,整个森林的景观多样性和景观类型分布均匀性降低;各森林景观类型转变过程中,其它森林类型多数转变为落叶松林、阔叶混交林和非林地。 3.黑龙江省森林资源的发展预测。基于森林资源连续清查数据,应用灰色理论模型预测模型,建立了黑龙江省森林资源的发展预测模型,预测了该省森林资源将来的变化情况。结果表明,未来10年间,林业用地面积继续减少;有林地面积、活立木总蓄积、森林覆盖率呈增长趋势;单位面积蓄积量不断减少,森林质量呈下降趋势。更多还原

【Abstract】 Heilongjiang Province is NO.1 in China about forest resources ,such as forest area, volume and coverage. Here the length and breadth of land forest resources is very important to balance of ecology in northeast, north and even all over China. But on account of excessive cut since 1949, forest resources cutdown sharply, bring a series of problem, for instance, forest productivity decrease, forest habitat fragmentation, agrestic species become extinct at a high speed, environmental quality decline, this paper discussed forest resources change in Heilongjing Province from statistical change feature of forest resources and forest landscape pattern change, using model of GM(1,1) to predict the development trend of forest resources here. Contacting the execution of The Natural Forest Conservation Project, this study provides a scientific basis for forest management of Heilongjiang Province.1. Change of forest resources in Heilongjiang Province. Based on the statistical data offorest resources in the past dynasties, the historical evolvement of forest resources in Heilongjiang Province was entirely analyzed, and the trends of the eat and flow of forest resources and the serious maladjustment of the current forest structure were discussed. The results show a long-term steady decrease in forest gross volume; a sharply cut in the area of land for forestry; a low-grade forest age groups that the proportion of near-mature, mature and overmature forest is comparatively lower; an extremely irrational forest category that that the proportion of timber forest is comparatively high; a continual declination in forest productivity and a markedly reduce in per person occupancy of forest.2. Change of forest landscape in Heilongjiang Province. Based on the forest resources distribution map of three periods, taking GIS as a means of analysis, applying landscape ecology means, forest landscape and its type change were studied. The results show the forest landscape tended to fragment gradually, in which the fragment of Korean pine forest was the severest, the diversity of whole forest landscape and the evenness of landscape type distribution reduced gradually; along with the transformation of forest landscape types, there is a conversion form other forest types to Dahurian larch forest,更多还原